Biology 232 – Physiology & Anatomy 1

Additional Slides for Lecture Exam #3(With guided notes… be sure to look in the notes

sections for PowerPoint in this document… these will be very helpful!)

Wilder Penfield 1891 – 1976Physician and Neuroscientist who

mapped the brain in what became the “homunculus”

Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Thumb

Figure 12.9: Motor and sensory areas of the cerebral cortex, p. 438.

GenitalsToes

Swallowing

Tongue

Jaw

Motor cortex(precentral gyrus)

Motor Sensory

Le

gLips

Face

NeckBrowEye

FingersH

andW

ristE

lbo

w

Arm

Sh

ou

lder

Tru

nk

Hip

Kn

ee

Hip

Tru

nk

Ne

ck

Hea

d

Arm

Elb

owFo

rear

mH

and

Fing

ers

Thum

b

Eye

Nose

Face

Lips

Teeth

Gums

Jaw

Tongue

Pharynx

Intra-abdominal

Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Figure 12.5: Ventricles of the brain, p. 434.

(b)(a)

Lateralventricle

Posteriorhorn

Thirdventricle

Cerebralaqueduct

Fourthventricle

Medianaperture

Anteriorhorn

Inter-ventricularforamenInferiorhorn

Lateralaperture Central

canal

Lateralventricle

SeptumpellucidumThirdventricle

Cerebralaqueduct

Left lateral viewAnterior view

Fourthventricle

Centralcanal

Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Figure 12.26: Formation, location, and circulation of CSF, p. 466.

Superiorsagittal sinus

Arachnoidvillus

Subarachnoid spaceArachnoid materMeningeal dura materPeriosteal dura materGreat cerebral vein

Tentorium cerebelliStraight sinusConfluence of sinuses

Cerebellum

Choroid plexusCerebral vesselsthat supplychoroid plexus

Central canalof spinal cordSpinal dura mater

Inferior end ofspinal cord

Filum terminale(inferior endof pia mater)

Superiorcerebral vein

Choroid plexusCerebrum coveredwith pia mater

Septumpellucidum

Corpuscallosum

Interventricularforamen

Third ventriclePituitary gland

Cerebral aqueduct

Lateral aperture

Fourth ventricleMedian aperture

(b)

Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Figure 12.31b: Anatomy of the spinal cord, p. 473.

(b)

Posterior funiculus

Posterior median sulcus

Central canal

Anterior medianfissure

Pia mater

Arachnoid

Spinal mater

Gray commissureDorsal (posterior) horn Gray

matterLateral hornVentral (anterior) hornAnterior funiculus

Lateral funiculus

Whitecolumns

Dorsal rootganglion

Dorsal root

Ventral root

Spinal nerve

Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Figure 13.12a: Dermatomes, p. 518.

(a)

C2C3

C4

C5T1

T2

T2T3T4T5

C6

C8C7 C7

C6

T6T7T8T9T10T11T12L1S2S3

L1

L2

L3

L4

L5

L2

L3

L4

L5

S1

C5

C6

C8

T2

C5

C6

S1

Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Figure 13.12b: Dermatomes, p. 518.

(b)

C2

C3C4C5C6C7C8

C8 C8C7 C7

T1T2T3T4T5T6T7T8T9T10

T11T12

L1L2 L3

S1

L5S2S1

S1

S3

S2 S1S2

S4S5

L5L5

L4L5L5

L4

C6 C6

C5

L4

L3

L2

L1

L4

Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Figure 14.2: Comparison of somatic and autonomic nervous systems, p. 534.

Somatic nervous system Skeletal muscle

Centralnervous system Peripheral nervous system Effector organs

Acetylcholine

Smoothmuscle(e.g., in gut)

Acetylcholine

Ganglion

Adrenal medulla

GlandsBloodvessel

Cardiacmuscle

Sympatheticdivision

Autonomicnervoussystem

Acetylcholine

Acetylcholine

Norepinephrine

Epinephrine andnorepinephrine

Ganglion

Para-sympathetic

division

= Preganglionic axons (sympathetic)

= Postganglionic axons (sympathetic)

= Myelination = Preganglionic axons (parasympathetic)

= Postganglionic axons (parasympathetic)

Key:

Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Figure 14.3: Overview of the subdivisions of the ANS, p. 536.

Salivaryglands

Eye

Skin*

Heart

Lungs

Liverand gall-bladder

Pancreas

Eye

Lungs

Bladder

Liver and gall-bladder

Pancreas

Stomach

Cervical

Sympatheticganglia

Cranial

Lumbar

Thoracic

Genitals

Heart

Salivaryglands

Stomach

Bladder

Adrenalgland

Parasympathetic Sympathetic

Sacral

Brain stem

L1

T1

Genitals

Marshall Hall 1790 – 1857English physiologist who first advanced the theory of how

the reflex arc worked.

Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Figure 13.14: The basic components of all human reflex arcs, p. 521.

Stimulus

Receptor

Skin

Sensory neuron

Spinal cord (in cross section)

Integration center

InterneuronMotor neuron

Effector

1

5

4

2 3

Sigmund Freud

Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Figure 14.1: Place of the ANS in the structural organization of the nervous system, p. 533.

CNS

Sensory division Motor division

PNS

Autonomic nervous system

Sympathetic division

Parasympatheticdivision

Somatic nervous system

Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Figure 14.8: Referred pain, p. 543.

Heart

Lungs anddiaphragm

Liver

Gallbladder

Stomach

Kidneys

Ovaries

Small intestine

Ureters

Urinarybladder

Colon

Pancreas

Liver

Heart

Appendix

Gallbladder