biology 323 human anatomy for biology majors lecture 3 dr. stuart s. sumida
DESCRIPTION
Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida. Integument Support Structures; Axial Skeleton. Integumentary System Functions Protection Sensory Synthesis. The Skin… Epidermis - ectodermal; stratified squamos epithelium - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biology 323Human Anatomy for Biology MajorsLecture 3Dr. Stuart S. Sumida
IntegumentSupport Structures; Axial Skeleton
![Page 2: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Integumentary System
Functions•Protection•Sensory•Synthesis
![Page 3: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Skin…
Epidermis - ectodermal; stratified squamos epithelium
Dermis - mesodermal; collagen, elastic fibers, papillary layer, and reticular layer
Hypodermis
![Page 4: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Detail on Epidermis:
Stratum corneum (dead)
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Superficial
Deep(Dermis)
![Page 6: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Detail on Epidermis:
Stratum corneum (dead)
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Superficial
Deep(Dermis)
![Page 8: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Segmented Dermatome
![Page 9: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Subcutaneous Layer(= Superficial Fascia = Hypodermis)
• Division between the Reticular Layer (Dermis) and Subcutaneous layer is indistinct
• Consists of Areolar and Adipose tissues, large number of blood vessels
9
![Page 10: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Hair:
•Bulb•Artery•Vein•Arrector Pila Muscle•Gland•Papilla•Shaft
![Page 11: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Different Hair Shaft Shapes give different characteristics:
Round Cross-section = straight hair
Oval Cross-section = Wavy Hair
Flat Cross-section = Kinky Hair
![Page 13: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Glands
•Eccrine•Apocrine•Mammary glands (Not reproductive organs!)
![Page 15: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Eccrine Glands • The predominant sweat glands of the body.• Produce clearly, watery odorless liquid + salt.
Apocrine Glands• Develop in association with hair follicles. • Heavier, more oily secretion.• Specialized versions include Moll's glands seen on
the eyelids; the cerumen-producing (ear wax) glands of the external auditory canal; and the milk-producing glands of the breasts.
![Page 16: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The scent produced by apocrine glands should not be confused with the unpleasant body odor produced by microorganisms that grow on moist sections of the skin.
Microorganisms create body odor by digesting sebum, the oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands in the skin of mammals. The presence of water, in the form of sweat from eccrine (simple) sweat glands, aids in this process. Eccrine glands are activated by heat, explaining why we sweat more profusely as ambient temperatures rise. Apocrine glands react to stress and sexual activity, and respond by producing sweat with a personally characteristic -- but not (necessarily) unpleasant -- odor.
![Page 17: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Mammary Gland – a skin gland, not a reproductive organ...
![Page 18: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Hypodermis
Dermis
Epidermis
![Page 20: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Support systems
•Support systems built of hard tissues, such as bone and cartilage
•Support systems produced by the manipulation of soft tissues
![Page 21: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Soft tissue support - structures which maintain structural integrity without the use of a hard, internal skeleton.
•Constant volume•Pressurize•Hydrostatic skeleton
![Page 22: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Tongue•Muscle & Fluid-based structure•Attached to what bones?
Coelom•A space•Stable & still base of support
![Page 23: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Skeleton
![Page 24: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Cartilage•Function•Cartilage materials - chondrocytes• Interstitial growth•Perichondrium•According to a scale from softest to hardest, where does cartilage belong, if other skeletal materials are bone, calcified cartilage, enamel, and dentin?
![Page 25: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What is bone made of?
•Hydroxyapatite•Bone organic content (Osteocytes)•Bone mineral content
![Page 26: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Hydroxyapatite:
![Page 27: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
What is bone made of?
Hydroxyapatite:
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
![Page 28: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Bone structure
![Page 29: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Haversian systems• Haversian canals• Lacunae• Canaliculi
![Page 30: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Compact Bone vs.
Spongy Bone (Trabecular Bone)
![Page 32: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Shoulder Joint
Femur
![Page 34: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Regional Classification of the Skeleton
•Endoskeleton vs. exoskeleton
•Visceral skeleton vs. Somatic Skeleton
![Page 36: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Visceral skeleton
•Associated with Splanchnopleure (gut)
•Origin
![Page 37: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Somatic skeleton
Associated with Somatopleure•Origin
•Axial skeleton•Appendicular skeleton
![Page 38: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Developmental Classification of the Skeleton
•Endochondral bones vs. dermal bones
•Endochondral - epiphysis & epiphyseal plates
•Dermal - "intramembranous bones"
![Page 39: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Bone Function
•Structural•Red blood cell manufacture•Homeopoietic tissue•Red bone marrow vs. yellow bone marrow
•Mineral regulation•Calcium levels•Importance of phosphorus
![Page 42: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Articulations
•Different types of bone attachments•Ligaments•The Joint Capsule
![Page 43: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Joint Capsule of Knee
![Page 44: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Examples of Major Ligaments of Knee
![Page 45: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Movements and the Skeleton
• Flexion• Extension• Rotation• Circumduction• Abduction• Adduction• Protraction• Retraction
• Depression• Elevation• Supination• Pronation• Opposition• Reposition• Inversion• Eversion
![Page 46: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Axial Skeleton
![Page 47: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
4 Distinct Curvatures of the Vertebral Column
![Page 54: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Cervical verterbrae:
• Transverse foramen• Vertebral artery
![Page 58: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Atlas and Axis Vertebrae
![Page 59: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Thoracic vertebrae
![Page 60: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
![Page 67: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Functions of the Axial Skeleton
•Support•Protection•Respiration
![Page 69: Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062814/5681670a550346895ddb7416/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
• Characteristic number of vertebrae in each region• Segmental spinal nerves• Number system for the spinal nerves• (See pages 68-69 of your lab manual.)