biology 463 plant taxonomy dr. menapace spring 2021
TRANSCRIPT
ATTENTION STUDENTS
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BIOLOGY 463
PLANT TAXONOMY
DR. MENAPACE
SPRING 2021
DICOT
SECONDARY STEM
ANATOMY
C.S.
STEM
?
? C.S.
STEM
P
PERIDERM C.S.
STEM
?
PERIDERM
?
C.S.
STEM
V
PERIDERM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
C.S.
STEM
?
PERIDERM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
?
C.S.
STEM
P
PERIDERM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
~ 1 PHLOEM
C.S.
STEM
?
PERIDERM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
~ 1 PHLOEM
?
C.S.
STEM
P
PERIDERM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
~ 1 PHLOEM
~ 2 PHLOEM
C.S.
STEM
?
PERIDERM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
~ 1 PHLOEM
~ 2 PHLOEM
?
C.S.
STEM
B
PERIDERM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
~ 1 PHLOEM
~ 2 PHLOEM
BARK
C.S.
STEM
?
PERIDERM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
~ 1 PHLOEM
~ 2 PHLOEM
BARK
C.S.
STEM
?
W
PERIDERM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
~ 1 PHLOEM
~ 2 PHLOEM
BARK WOOD
C.S.
STEM
?
PERIDERM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
~ 1 PHLOEM
~ 2 PHLOEM
BARK WOOD
C.S.
STEM
?
X
PERIDERM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
~ 1 PHLOEM
~ 2 PHLOEM
BARK
C.S.
STEM
WOOD
~ 2 XYLEM
?
PERIDERM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
~ 1 PHLOEM
~ 2 PHLOEM
BARK
?
C.S.
STEM
WOOD
~ 2 XYLEM
A
PERIDERM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
~ 1 PHLOEM
~ 2 PHLOEM
BARK
ANNUAL RINGS
C.S.
STEM
~ 2 XYLEM
WOOD
?
PERIDERM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
~ 1 PHLOEM
~ 2 PHLOEM
BARK
ANNUAL RINGS
?
C.S.
STEM
~ 2 XYLEM
X
WOOD
PERIDERM
~ 1 PHLOEM
~ 2 PHLOEM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
BARK
ANNUAL RINGS
~ 1 XYLEM
C.S.
STEM
~ 2 XYLEM
?
WOOD
PERIDERM
~ 1 PHLOEM
~ 2 PHLOEM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
BARK
ANNUAL RINGS
~ 1 XYLEM
?
C.S.
STEM
~ 2 XYLEM
WOOD
PERIDERM
~ 1 PHLOEM
~ 2 PHLOEM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
BARK
ANNUAL RINGS
~ 1 XYLEM
PITH
C.S.
STEM
~ 2 XYLEM
^
WOOD
MONOCOT
ANATOMY
^
MONOCOT
ROOT
ANATOMY
C.S.
ROOT
?
?
C.S.
ROOT
E
EPIDERMIS
C.S.
ROOT
?
?
EPIDERMIS
C.S.
ROOT
C
CORTEX
EPIDERMIS
C.S.
ROOT
S
CORTEX
STELE
REGION
EPIDERMIS
C.S.
ROOT
?
?
ROOT C.S
E
ENDODERMIS
ROOT C.S
?
?
ROOT C.S
C
CASPARIAN STRIPS
ROOT C.S
?
?
ROOT C.S
ENDODERMISP
PERICYCLE
ROOT C.S
ENDODERMISC
PERICYCLE
CONCENTRIC
VASCULAR
BUNDLES
ROOT C.S
ENDODERMIS?
PERICYCLE
?
ROOT C.S
ENDODERMISP
PERICYCLE
~ 1 PHLOEM
ROOT C.S
ENDODERMIS?
PERICYCLE
~ 1 PHLOEM
?
ROOT C.S
ENDODERMISX
PERICYCLE
~ 1 PHLOEM
~1 XYLEM
ROOT C.S
ENDODERMIS?
PERICYCLE
~ 1 PHLOEM
~1 XYLEM
?
ROOT C.S
ENDODERMISP
PERICYCLE
~ 1 PHLOEM
~1 XYLEM
PITH
ROOT C.S
ENDODERMIS
C.S.ROOT
S
SIPHONOSTELE
E
SIPHONOSTELE / EUSTELE
>
SIPHONOSTELE / EUSTELE
MONOCOT ROOT
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
ABSENT
>
SIPHONOSTELE / EUSTELE
MONOCOT ROOT
SECONDARY GROWTH
ABSENT
^
MONOCOT
STEM
ANATOMY
C.S.STEM
?
1 ?
C.S.
STEM
C
1CUTICLE
C.S.
STEM
?
1 ?
C.S.
STEM
E
1EPIDERMIS
C.S.
STEM
?
1EPIDERMIS
?
C.S.
STEM
C
1EPIDERMIS
CORTEX
C.S.
STEM
S
1
2
EPIDERMIS
CORTEX
SCATTERED
VASCULAR
BUNDLES
C.S.
STEM
STEM
C.S
?
?STEM
C.S
B
BUNDLE SHEATHSTEM
C.S
?
BUNDLE SHEATH
?
STEM
C.S
P
BUNDLE SHEATH
~1 PHLOEM
STEM
C.S
?
BUNDLE SHEATH
~1 PHLOEM ?
STEM
C.S
X
BUNDLE SHEATH
~1 PHLOEM ~1 XYLEM
STEM
C.S
C.S.STEM
A
ATACTOSTELE
>
A
ATACTOSTELE
MONOCOT STEM
VASCULAR CAMBIUM
ABSENT
>
A
ATACTOSTELE
MONOCOT STEM
SECONDARY GROWTH
ABSENT
^
STELE
SUMMARY
^
STELE
SUMMARY
DICOTS
DICOT STEM
DICOT STEM
DICOT ROOT
DICOT ROOT
P
PROTOSTELE DICOT STEM
DICOT STEMPROTOSTELE
A
PROTOSTELE
ACTINOSTELE
DICOT STEM
DICOT STEM
S
SIPHONOSTELE
SIPHONOSTELE
PROTOSTELE
ACTINOSTELE
E
SIPHONOSTELE
EUSTELE
PROTOSTELE
ACTINOSTELE
^
STELE
SUMMARY
MONOCOTS
MONOCOT ROOT
MONOCOT ROOT
MONOCOT STEM
MONOCOT STEM
S
SIPHONOSTELE
MONOCOT STEM
MONOCOT STEM
SIPHONOSTELE
E
SIPHONOSTELE
EUSTELE
MONOCOT STEM
MONOCOT STEM
A
SIPHONOSTELE
EUSTELE
ATACTOSTELE
ATACTOSTELE
^
STEM
MORPHOLOGY
?
AXILLARY BUD
INT
ER
NO
DE
LAMINA
PETIOLE
?
? ANGIOSPERM STEM
N
AXILLARY BUD
INT
ER
NO
DE
LAMINA
PETIOLE
NODE
NODE ANGIOSPERM STEM
?
AXILLARY BUD
INT
ER
NO
DE
LAMINA
PETIOLE
NODE
NODE
?
ANGIOSPERM STEM
I
AXILLARY BUD
INT
ER
NO
DE
LAMINA
PETIOLE
NODE
NODE ANGIOSPERM STEM
^
LEAF
?
HOW IS A LEAF
LOCATED UPON
A STEM?
QUESTION
QUESTION
?
?
INT
ER
NO
DE
LAMINA
PETIOLE
NODE
NODE ANGIOSPERM STEM
A
AXILLARY BUD
INT
ER
NO
DE
LAMINA
PETIOLE
NODE
NODE ANGIOSPERM STEM
LF
AXILLARY BUD
INT
ER
NO
DE
LAMINA
PETIOLE
NODE
NODE ANGIOSPERM STEM
LEAF
A
LOCATE
AXILLARY BUD
ANSWER
ANSWER
^
LEAF
PHYLLOTAXY
?
?
A
ALTERNATE
?
ALTERNATE
?
O
ALTERNATE
OPPOSITE
?
ALTERNATE
OPPOSITE
?
W
ALTERNATE
OPPOSITE
WHORLED
^
LEAF
VENATION
^
DICOT LEAF
VENATION
?
?
R
RETICULATE VENATION
R
RETICULATE
VENATION
RETICULATE VENATION
MAJOR VEINS
NETTED
RETICULATE VENATION
+
DICOT LEAF VENATION
RETICULATE VENATION
^
MONOCOT LEAF
VENATION
?
?
P
PARALLEL VENATION
P
PARALLEL
VENATION
PARALLEL VENATION
MAJOR VEINS
EQUAL DISTANT
PARALLEL VENATION
+
MONOCOT LEAF VENATION
PARALLEL VENATION
^
DICOT LEAF
MORPHOLOGY
^
SIMPLE
DICOT LEAF
S
SIMPLE
DICOT LEAF
DICOT LEAF
SIMPLE LEAF
DICOT LEAF
SIMPLE LEAF
LEAFLETS ABSENT
LAMINA
AXILLARY
BUDS
STIPULES
ABSENT
SIMPLE
LEAF
PETIOLE
LA
LAMINA
AXILLARY
BUDS
STIPULES
ABSENT
SIMPLE
LEAF
PETIOLE AB
LEAFLETS
ABSENT
LAMINA
AXILLARY
BUDS
STIPULES
ABSENT
SIMPLE
LEAF
PETIOLE
L
LAMINA
AXILLARY
BUDS
STIPULES
ABSENT
SIMPLE
LEAF
LEAF
PETIOLE
LEAFP
LAMINA
AXILLARY
BUDS
STIPULES
ABSENT
SIMPLE
LEAF
LEAF
PETIOLE
P
PETIOLE
DICOT LEAF
PETIOLE
DICOT LEAF
PETIOLE
LEAF STALK
LAMINA
PETIOLE
AXILLARY
BUDS
STIPULES
ABSENT
SIMPLE
LEAF
LEAF
S
STIPULE
DICOT LEAF
STIPULE
DICOT LEAF
STIPULE
LEAF-LIKE APPENDAGE
AT PETIOLE BASE
+
DICOT LEAF
STIPULE
DICOT LEAF
STIPULE
LEAF-LIKE APPENDAGE
AT PETIOLE BASE
---
PRESENT OR ABSENT
AXILLARY
BUDS
STIPULES
ABSENT
SIMPLE
LEAF
PETIOLE
LEAF
L
LAMINA
AXILLARY
BUDS
STIPULES
ABSENT
SIMPLE
LEAF
PETIOLE
LEAF
^
COMPOUND
DICOT LEAF
C
COMPOUND
DICOT LEAF
DICOT LEAF
COMPOUND LEAF
DICOT LEAF
COMPOUND LEAF
LEAFLETS PRESENT
PETIOLE
STIPULES
ABSENT
LEAFLETS
RACHIS
PINNATELY
COMPOUND
LEAF
AXILLARY BUDCOMPOUND
LEAF LP
PETIOLE
STIPULES
ABSENT
LEAFLETS
RACHIS
PINNATELY
COMPOUND
LEAF
AXILLARY BUD
LEAFLETS
PRESENT
^
COMPOUND
LEAF
PINNATELY
COMPOUND
DICOT LEAF
VS
PALMATELY
COMPOUND
DICOT LEAF
^
PINNATELY
COMPOUND
DICOT LEAF
P
PINNATELY
COMPOUND
DICOT LEAF
DICOT LEAF
PINNATELY COMPOUND
DICOT LEAF
PINNATELY COMPOUND
RACHIS PRESENT
PETIOLE
STIPULES
ABSENT
LEAFLETS
RACHIS
PINNATELY
COMPOUND
LEAF
AXILLARY BUD
LEAFLETS
PRESENT
AB
PETIOLE
STIPULES
ABSENTRACHIS
LEAFLETS
AXILLARY BUD
PINNATELY
COMPOUND
LEAF
LEAFLETS
PRESENT
LF
PETIOLE
STIPULES
ABSENTRACHIS
LEAFLETS
AXILLARY BUD
PINNATELY
COMPOUND
LEAF
LE
AF
P
PETIOLE AXILLARY BUD
STIPULES
ABSENTRACHIS
LEAFLETS
PINNATELY
COMPOUND
LEAF
LE
AF
S
PETIOLE AXILLARY BUD
STIPULES
ABSENTRACHIS
LEAFLETS
PINNATELY
COMPOUND
LEAF
LE
AF
R
PETIOLE AXILLARY BUD
STIPULES
ABSENTRACHIS
LEAFLETS
PINNATELY
COMPOUND
LEAF
LE
AF
L
PETIOLE AXILLARY BUD
STIPULES
ABSENTRACHIS
LAMINA
PINNATELY
COMPOUND
LEAF
LE
AF
L
PETIOLE AXILLARY BUD
STIPULES
ABSENTRACHIS
LEAFLETS
PINNATELY
COMPOUND
LEAF
LE
AF
^
PALMATELY
COMPOUND
DICOT LEAF
P
PALMATELY
COMPOUND
DICOT LEAF
DICOT LEAF
PALMATELY COMPOUND
DICOT LEAF
PALMATELY COMPOUND
RACHIS ABSENT
STIPULES
ABSENT
AXILLARY
BUDPETIOLE
LEAFLETS
PALMATELY
COMPOUND
LEAF
LEAFLETS
PRESENT
AB
STIPULES
ABSENT
AXILLARY
BUD?
LEAFLETS
PALMATELY
COMPOUND
LEAF
LF
STIPULES
ABSENT
AXILLARY
BUD?
LEAFLETS
PALMATELY
COMPOUND
LEAF
LE
AF
P
STIPULES
ABSENT
AXILLARY
BUDPETIOLE
LEAFLETS
PALMATELY
COMPOUND
LEAF
LE
AF
S
STIPULES
ABSENT
AXILLARY
BUDPETIOLE
LEAFLETS
PALMATELY
COMPOUND
LEAF
LE
AF
L
STIPULES
ABSENT
AXILLARY
BUDPETIOLE
LAMINA
PALMATELY
COMPOUND
LEAF
LE
AF
L
STIPULES
ABSENT
AXILLARY
BUDPETIOLE
LEAFLETS
PALMATELY
COMPOUND
LEAF
LE
AF
R
AB
STIPULES
ABSENT
AXILLARY
BUDPETIOLE
LEAFLETS
PALMATELY
COMPOUND
LEAF
LE
AF
RACHIS
ABSENT
^
DICOT LEAF
ANATOMY
^
DICOT LEAF
ANATOMY
TYPES
L
DICOT LEAF
ANATOMY TYPES
DICOT LEAF
ANATOMY TYPES
HYDROPHYTE
DICOT LEAF
ANATOMY TYPES
DICOT LEAF
ANATOMY TYPES
HYDROPHYTE
MESOPHYTE
DICOT LEAF
ANATOMY TYPES
DICOT LEAF
ANATOMY TYPES
HYDROPHYTE
MESOPHYTE
XEROPHYTE
^
HYDROPHYTE
LEAF
H
HYDROPHYTE
LEAF
DICOT LEAF ANATOMY
HYDROPHYTE
DICOT LEAF ANATOMY
HYDROPHYTE
ADAPTED
HIGH MOISTURE
HABITAT
AQUATIC
HABITAT
N
NYMPHAEA
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
MESOPHYLL
SPONGY
MESOPHYLL
VASCULAR
VEIN
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
C.S.
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATE
PRESENTC
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
MESOPHYLL
SPONGY
MESOPHYLL
VASCULAR
VEIN
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
C.S.
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATE
PRESENT?
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
MESOPHYLL
SPONGY
MESOPHYLL
VASCULAR
VEIN
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
C.S.
?
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATE
PRESENTA
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
MESOPHYLL
SPONGY
MESOPHYLL
VASCULAR
VEIN
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
C.S.
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATE
PRESENTS
P
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
MESOPHYLL
SPONGY
MESOPHYLL
VASCULAR
VEIN
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE
TRICHOMEC.S.
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENT?
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
MESOPHYLL
SPONGY
MESOPHYLL
VASCULAR
VEIN
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
?
C.S.
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENTM
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
STOMATES
PRESENT
PALISADE
MESOPHYLL
SPONGY
MESOPHYLL
VASCULAR
VEIN
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
C.S.
BUNDLE
SHEATH
?
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
MESOPHYLL
SPONGY
MESOPHYLL
VASCULAR
VEIN
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
C.S.
?
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENTP
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
LAYER
SPONGY
MESOPHYLL
VASCULAR
VEIN
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
C.S.
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENT?
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
LAYER
SPONGY
MESOPHYLL
VASCULAR
VEIN
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
C.S.
?BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENTS
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
LAYER
SPONGY
LAYER
VASCULAR
VEIN
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
C.S.
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENTA
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
LAYER
SPONGY
LAYER
VASCULAR
VEIN
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
C.S.
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENT?
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
LAYER
SPONGY
LAYER
VASCULAR
VEIN
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
?
MESOPHYLL
C.S.
?
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENTT
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
LAYER
SPONGY
LAYER
VASCULAR
VEIN
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
TRICHOSCLEREID
MESOPHYLL
C.S.
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENTV
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
LAYER
SPONGY
LAYER
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
TRICHOSCLEREID
C.S.
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENTB
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
LAYER
SPONGY
LAYER BUNDLE
SHEATH
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
TRICHOSCLEREID
C.S.
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
STOMATES
PRESENTX
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
LAYER
SPONGY
LAYER ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
TRICHOSCLEREID
C.S.
XYLEM
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENTP
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
LAYER
SPONGY
LAYER
PHLOEM
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
TRICHOSCLEREID
C.S.
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENT?
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
LAYER
SPONGY
LAYER
PHLOEM
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
TRICHOSCLEREID
C.S.
?BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENTA
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
LAYER
SPONGY
LAYER
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
TRICHOSCLEREID
C.S.
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENTS
A
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
LAYER
SPONGY
LAYER
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
STOMATES
ABSENT
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
TRICHOSCLEREID
C.S.
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENTC
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
LAYER
SPONGY
LAYER
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
AIR SPACE
MESOPHYLL
TRICHOSCLEREID
CUTICLE
ABSENT
C.S.
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENT?
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
LAYER
SPONGY
LAYER
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
AIR SPACE
?
MESOPHYLL
TRICHOSCLEREID
CUTICLE
ABSENT
C.S.
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENTT
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
LAYER
SPONGY
LAYER
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
TRICHOSCLEREID
CUTICLE
ABSENT
C.S.
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENTT
TRICHOME
DICOT LEAF ANATOMY
TRICHOME
DICOT LEAF ANATOMY
TRICHOME
PLANT HAIR
S
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
LAYER
SPONGY
LAYER
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
TRICHOSCLEREID
CUTICLE
ABSENT
C.S.
BUNDLE
SHEATH
STOMATES
PRESENT^
MESOPHYTE
LEAF
M
MESOPHYTE
LEAF
DICOT LEAF ANATOMY
MESOPHYTE
DICOT LEAF ANATOMY
MESOPHYTE
ADAPTED
MODERATE MOISTURE
HABITAT
MESIC HABITAT
ALABAMA FOREST
A
ACER
MODERATE
CUTICLE
MODERATE
CUTICLE
MESOPHYLL
PALISADE
MESOPHYLL
VASCULAR
VEIN
XYLEM
PHLOEM
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS TRICHOME
SPONGY
MESOPHYYL
C.S.
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMISM
MODERATE
CUTICLE
MODERATE
CUTICLE
MESOPHYLL
PALISADE
MESOPHYLL
VASCULAR
VEIN
XYLEM
PHLOEM
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS TRICHOME
SPONGY
MESOPHYYL
C.S.
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS?
MODERATE
CUTICLE
MODERATE
CUTICLE
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
MESOPHYLL
PALISADE
MESOPHYLL
VASCULAR
VEIN
XYLEM
PHLOEM
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS TRICHOME
SPONGY
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C.S.
? A
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MODERATE
CUTICLE
ADAXIAL
EPIDERMIS
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EPIDERMIS TRICHOME
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C.S.
S
A
MODERATE
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MODERATE
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MESOPHYLL
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VEIN
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EPIDERMIS TRICHOME
SPONGY
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STOMATES
ABSENT
C.S.
M
MODERATE
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MODERATE
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P
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LAYER
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V
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X
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MODERATE
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LAYER
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?
A
MODERATE
CUTICLE
MODERATE
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LAYER
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M
MODERATE
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T
MODERATE
CUTICLE
MODERATE
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LAYER
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^
XEROPHYTE
LEAF
X
XEROPHYTE
LEAF
DICOT LEAF ANATOMY
XEROPHYTE
DICOT LEAF ANATOMY
XEROPHYTE
ADAPTED
LOW MOISTURE
HABITAT
XERIC HABITAT
DESERT
N
NERIUM
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CUTICLE
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T
THICK
CUTICLE
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A
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CRYPT
DICOT LEAF ANATOMY
XEROPHYTE CRYPT
DICOT LEAF ANATOMY
XEROPHYTE CRYPT
ABAXIAL EPIDERMIS
CAVITY
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THICK
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LAYER
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S
THICK
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BUNDLE
SHEATH
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EPIDERMIS STOMATE
XYLEM
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VASCULAR
BUNDLE
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CUTICLE
STOMATES
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CRYPT
ABAXIAL EPIDERMIS ONLY
?
THICK
CUTICLE
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LAYER
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EPIDERMIS ? STOMATE
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T
THICK
CUTICLE
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LAYER
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EPIDERMIS TRICHOME STOMATE
XYLEM
PHLOEM
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
C.S.
MODERATE
CUTICLE
STOMATES
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ABAXIAL EPIDERMIS ONLY
M
THICK
CUTICLE
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LAYER
PALISADE
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BUNDLE
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MULTIPLE
EPIDERMIS TRICHOME STOMATE
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VASCULAR
BUNDLE
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
MODERATE
CUTICLE
C.S.
STOMATES
ABSENT
CRYPT
ABAXIAL EPIDERMIS ONLY
^
DICOT LEAF
ANATOMY
SUMMARY
CUTICLE
ABSENTADAXIAL
EPIDERMISPALISADE
LAYER
SPONGY
LAYER
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
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CUTICLE
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PRESENTH
CUTICLE
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PRESENT
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+
CUTICLE
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LAYER
SPONGY
LAYER
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
AIR SPACE
TRICHOME
MESOPHYLL
TRICHOSCLEREID
CUTICLE
ABSENT
C.S.
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SHEATH
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STOMATES^
MODERATE
CUTICLE
MODERATE
CUTICLE
MESOPHYLL
PALISADE
LAYER
VASCULAR
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EPIDERMIS TRICHOME
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LAYER
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STOMATES
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MODERATE
CUTICLE
MODERATE
CUTICLE
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LAYER
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BUNDLE
PHLOEM
ABAXIAL
EPIDERMIS TRICHOME
SPONGY
LAYER
XYLEM STOMATES
ABSENT
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STOMATES
PRESENT
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+
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MODERATE
CUTICLE
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ABSENT
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STOMATES
^
THICK
CUTICLE
SPONGY
LAYER
PALISADE
LAYER
BUNDLE
SHEATH
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CRYPT
ABAXIAL
MULTIPLE
EPIDERMIS TRICHOME STOMATE
XYLEM
PHLOEM
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BUNDLE
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
C.S.
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EPIDERMIS
MODERATE
CUTICLE
X
THICK
CUTICLE
SPONGY
LAYER
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LAYER
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CRYPT
ABAXIAL
MULTIPLE
EPIDERMIS TRICHOME STOMATE
XYLEM
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BUNDLE
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
C.S.
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MULTIPLE
EPIDERMIS
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CUTICLE
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SPONGY
LAYER
PALISADE
LAYER
BUNDLE
SHEATH
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CRYPT
ABAXIAL
MULTIPLE
EPIDERMIS TRICHOME STOMATE
XYLEM
PHLOEM
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
VASCULAR
BUNDLE
C.S.
ADAXIAL
MULTIPLE
EPIDERMIS
MODERATE
CUTICLE
^
MONOCOT LEAF
MORPHOLOGY
Z
ZEA
LIGULE
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
ZEA
SHEATH
STEM
LAMINA
?
?
LIGULE
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
ZEA
SHEATH
STEM
LAMINA
N
NODE
LIGULE
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
ZEA
SHEATH
STEM
LAMINA
S
NODE
LIGULE
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
ZEA
SHEATH
STEM
LAMINA
S
SHEATH
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
SHEATH
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
SHEATH
ENCIRCLES STEM
NODE
LIGULE
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
ZEA
SHEATH
STEM
LAMINA
L
NODE
LIGULE
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
ZEA
SHEATH
STEM
LAMINA
L
LIGULE
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
LIGULE
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
LIGULE
JUNCTION POINT
BETWEEN
SHEATH & LAMINA
LAMINA
STEM
SHEATH
NODE
LIGULE
MONOCOT LEAF MORPHOLOGY
ZEA
S
MONOCOT LEAF
MORPHOLOGY
SUMMARY
LAMINA
SHEATH
STEM
LIGULE
S
LAMINA
SHEATH
STEM
LIGULE
L
LAMINA
SHEATH
STEM
LIGULE
L
LAMINA
SHEATH
STEM
LIGULE
^