BiologyChemistry Unit

Test Review

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What is Matter?Anything that has _______ and _________.

What is Matter?Anything that has mass and volume.

What is the smallest unit of matter?

Hint: not a Chihuahua!

An Atom!

What is the smallest unit of matter?

What is an

?Hint: It’s not the skateboarding company!

An element is “pure stuff”. It is only one kind of atom in matter such as pure gold (Au) from the periodic table.

Other Examples:CarbonHydrogenOxygenSodiumPhosphorous

What are atoms made up of?

Hint: 3 Things

What are the smallest particles in the space outside of the nucleus that do not add to its mass?

What is its charge?

What 2 larger particles are in the nucleus of the atom and make up the MASS of the atom?

What are their charges?

Electrons (-)

Protons (+) and Neutrons (0)

What 2 larger particles are in the nucleus of the atom and make up

the MASS of the atom?

What are their charges?

What are the smallest particles in the space outside

of the nucleus and do not add to its mass?

What is its charge?

What is this number called? What does this number represent?

What is this number called? What does this number represent?

This is the element Boron and how it appears on the periodic table.

Represents the

# of Protons (+)

Represents the # Protons + # Neutrons

Also indicates# of electrons (-)

WHAT IS AN ION?

AN ION IS WHEN AN ATOM HAS GAINED OR LOST ELECTRONS

Sodium loses an electron

Becomes (+)

Chloride gains an electron

Becomes (-)

Na + CL → Na⁺CL⁻

OK, now you know what an ion is, so what is an ionic bond?

“I”onic Bond: When electrons are lost or gained (NO SHARING) between atoms.

NaCl

Hint: “I” am greedy! “I” give or take but do not share!

What is a covalent bond?

Hint:Co-captains share their

position

Atom Atom

Covalent bond: When two atoms are sharing an electron pair in a compound.

What are…..

Isotopes are different numbers of NEUTRONS!

Isotopes of Carbon

Define:•Molecule•Compound

•Molecule •Compound

Same Definition:2 or more elements

chemically combined

Chemical and Physical

What type of changes in matter would be considered

to be physical?

What type of changes in matter would be considered to be chemical?

What does a pH scale indicate (do not say the pH number). It is the

concentration of ___?___ in a solution.

What does a pH scale indicate? (do not say the pH number). It is the concentration of Hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.

Know which numbers are acidic and basic

Strong Acid Weak AcidpH= 1,2,3 pH=4,5,6

Weak Base Strong BasepH= 8,9,10 pH=11, 12, 13, 14

NeutralpH = 7

What is a buffer?Don’t have a clue?

We have been dealing with pH, so it probably has something to do with that.

A weak acid or weak base that can react with strong acids or bases to make small pH changes and maintain pH balance

HOMEOSTASIS

Buffer

Define & Give and Example:

•Solute

•Solvent

•Solution

Solvent : What does the dissolvingEx: WATER (Best Solvent)

Solute: What is dissolved by the solvent Ex: SALT

Solution: When a solute is dissolved into a solvent Ex: Salt + Water

What is the name for a type of mixture that there is NO DISSOLVING taking place?

SuspensionExamples:Sand + Water

Oil + Vinegar

What is COHESION?

Same molecules sticking togetherWater + Water

COHESION?

What is Adhesion?

2 different molecules that stick together

Ex: Water and glass

What is ADHESION?

What is the weak bond called that forms between the polar molecules of water?

H(+)

O(-)

H(+)

What is polarity?

See a resemblance?

H(+)

O(-)

H(+)

Polarity: Unequal sharing of electrons (H₂O)

causing (+) on one side and (-) on the other

See a resemblance?

MACROMOLECULES

???????????

????????? process of joining

monomers to make polymers

Polymerization process of joining

monomers to make polymers

What is this process called that removes water (H2O) when combining monomers to make polymers?

What is this process called that removes water (H2O) when combining monomers to make polymers? DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

•What are the 4 types of macromolecules?

•What is the function of each?

•They are all organic compounds because they contain what?

Carbohydrates – Energy & Structure

Lipids – Energy Storage, membranes, chemical messengers

Proteins –movement, pigments, enzymes, immune system, carrying oxygen

Nucleic Acids – Heredity, DNA, RNA, ATP

They all contain CARBON (organic molecules)

What are the basic building blocks

(monomer)of carbohydrates (sugars)?

Monosaccharides (sugars)linked together make Polysaccharides

What

elements make up all carbohydrates?

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

What type of carbohydrates do animals and plants store?

Glycogen (Sugar) Starch

What type of carbohydrates do animals and plants store?

Glycogen (Sugar) Starch (Sugar)

What is cellulose?Hint: We can’t digest it.

What is chitin?Hint: On outside of insect

What is cellulose?

What is chitin?

Carbohydrate of plant cell walls known to us as fiber. MOST ABUNDANT MACROMOLECULE!!!

Carbohydrate of insect exoskeletons

What is the building block (monomer) of lipids?

A Glycerol + Fatty Acid Chain(s) is a lipid. Waxes, Oils, Fats

Cell membranes are made up of

phospholipids

What is the basic building block (monomer)

of proteins?

AMINO ACIDS

Know the 3 PARTS of an AMINO ACID

Amino Group R Group Acid Group

3 PARTS of an AMINO ACID

What are the 4 elements that are found in proteins?

Which macromolecule creates pigments for our skin, hair, eyes, hemoglobin (carry oxygen), antibodies to fight infection, and muscles (movement) for our bodies?

Which macromolecule creates pigments for our skin, hair, eyes, hemoglobin (carry oxygen), antibodies to fight infection, and muscles (movement) for our bodies?

PROTEINS

Nucleic AcidsWhat are the monomers of nucleic acids and name the 3 parts?

Nitrogen Base

5 Carbon Sugar

Phosphate group

NUCLEOTIDES

Nucleic Acids:What are 3 types of

nucleic acids?

What are 5 the elements in a nucleic acid?

Nucleic Acids:What are 3 types of nucleic acids?

DNA (genetic information)RNAATP

What are 5 the elements?C, H, O, N, P

What are Enzymes?

?

What are Enzymes?

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in our bodies.

Enzymes are catalysts in the body that help __________________________.

Name the 3 parts

Enzymes are catalysts in the body that help speed up chemical reactions.

Must know the 3 parts

Reactant that

needs the help of

an enzyme is

called a substrate

Lock & Key

What 2 things affect enzymes ability to do their job?

What 2 things affect enzymes ability to do their job?

Temperature & pH

Chemical ReactionsWhat are the reactants and products of this

reaction?

A + B → C

Chemical ReactionsWhat are the reactants and products of this

reaction?

A + B → CReactants Products

What are the reactants?What are the products?

What are the reactants? 2H₂ and O₂What are the products? 2H₂O

What is Activation Energy?

What is the difference between Endergonic and Exergonic reactions?

Activation Energy (energy needed to get a reaction started)

Energy Released

Energy Absorbed

Energy released during a chemical reaction is in the form of………

__________, ___________, and ___________

Energy released during a chemical reaction is in the form of………

Heat, Light, and or Sound

A

B

What is the difference between reaction A & B?

You need to find the answer in your notes.

A

B

An enzyme was added to reaction B to lower the activation energy needed for the reaction to take

place.

You have completed the Biology Chemistry Unit Review!

How did you do? Are you ready for the test, or need to study some more?