BIOLOGY

8.4 Biodiversity

Prepared by:

Qhaiyum Mizah Ihfa Wawa

Introduction• Biodiversity refers to the variety of forms of living things

on the Earth interacting with each other.

Classification of Organisms• Taxonomy is used to identify, describe, and naming

organisms.

• Organisms with the same characteristics are gathered in the same class.

• Organisms are classified into 5 major kingdoms:

a) Monera d) Plantae

b) Protista e) Animalia

c) Fungi

1. Monera• Prokaryotic – organisms with no

distinct membrane-bound nuclei and organelles.

• Unicellular organisms and has cell walls.

• They can be non-photosynthetic and photosynthetic.

• Examples of monera are bacteria and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae).

Cyanobacteria

Bacteria

2. Protista• Eukaryotes – includes unicellular or multicellular

organisms, and each have nucleus and organelles that are surrounded by membranes.

• Some have cell walls and some do not.

• Multicellular protists are not specialised to perform specific functions in the organisms.

• Protista have 2 types:

a) Algae

b) Protozoa

Protozoa Algae

Amoeba sp. Chlamydomonas sp.

Paramecium sp. Spirogyra sp.

• Examples of protists (protozoa and algae):

3. Fungi• Both unicellular and multicellular organisms.

• The cell walls of fungi contain a material called chitin.

• Bodies consists of a network of a network of thread-like hyphae called mycelium.

• They do not contain chlorophyll and may feed saprotrophically by absorbing nutrients from decaying organic matter while others are parasitic.

• Examples of fungi are moulds (Mucor sp.), mushrooms and yeasts.

Moulds (Mucor sp.) Mushrooms Yeasts

4. Plantae• Plants are multicellular organisms that are immobile,

contains chlorophyll and produce their own food by photosynthesis.

• Each plant cell has a nucleus, cell wall and other organelles.

• Examples of plants are palms trees, conifers, flowering plants and more.

5. Animalia• Animals are multicellular organisms and are mobile.

• Their cells do not have any cell walls.

• Do not have chlorophyll.

• Examples of animals are bird, dragonfly, fish and more.

The Hierarchy in the Classification of Organisms

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

• Living organisms are classified into 7 hierarchical levels.

• The number of organisms in each unit decreases from kingdom to species.

• Therefore, each higher unit covers a greater range of organisms.

Linnaeus Binomial System of Classification• This type of classification uses 2 words to name every

species or organisms found:

a) The first word in the name refers to genus.

b) The second word is the specific name.

• Both names are in Latin (or latinised).

• Both names are in italics if typed or underlined if written.

• Example: Human – homo sapiens or homo sapiens

Classification

Tiger Human Hibiscus

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Plantae

Genus Panthera Homo Hibiscus

Species tigris sapiens rosa-sinensis

a) Tiger: Panthera tigris

b) Human: Homo sapiens

c) Hibiscus: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

The Importance of Biodiversity• Maintaining a balanced nature

• Source of food

• Source of medicine

• Clean air

• Shelter

• Economic resources (eco-tourism)

• Clean drinking water

• Preserved all living organisms from become extinct

That’s AllFrom Us

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