biology higher level paper 1 - ib documents

2212-6013 19 pages

M12/4/BIOLO/HPM/ENG/TZ2/XX

Thursday 17 May 2012 (afternoon)

BIOLOGYHIGHER LEVELPAPER 1

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.• Answer all the questions.• For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on

the answer sheet provided.• The maximum mark for this examination paper is [40 marks].

1 hour

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2012

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1.

Contentremovedforcopyrightreasons.

2. Howdocellsinmulticellularorganismsdifferentiate?

A. Somecelltypesdividebymitosismoreoftenthanothers.

B. Theyexpresssomeoftheirgenesbutnotothers.

C. Someoftheirproteinsdenaturebutnotothers.

D. TheirDNAcontentchangeswithtime.

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3. Whatisanexampleofthetherapeuticuseofstemcells?

A. Sequencingthehumangenome

B. Forensicinvestigationsofpaternity

C. Productionofgeneticallymodifiedcrops

D. Restorationofinsulationtissueinneurons

4. Thediagramshowsthestructureofabacterium.

X

WhatisthestructurelabelledX?

A. Pilus

B. Cellwall

C. Cytoplasm

D. Cellmembrane

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5. Whatistheapproximatethicknessoftheplasmamembraneofacell?

A. 10nm

B. 50nm

C. 10µm

D. 50µm

6. Whatisaroleofironinlivingorganisms?

A. Helpsbuildstronger,denserbonesandteeth

B. Helpsmaintainthetertiarystructureofproteins

C. Strengthensthecellwallinplants

D. Formspartofoxygencarrierproteinssuchashemoglobinandmyoglobin

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7. Thediagramsshowthreerepresentationsofthestructureofthesamechemicalsubstance.

OOH

OH

HOHO OH

C C

C

OC

C

H

HO

CH 2OH

OH

H

H OH

HOHH

C HO

OHH

HHO

OHH

OHH

C H2OH

Whatchemicalsubstanceisshown?

A. Ribose

B. Glucose

C. Fattyacid

D. Aminoacid

8. WhattypeofbondislabelledX?

N

N

O

H N

N

ON H

H

N

N

NH

H

Guanine C ytosine

X

A. Ionic

B. Peptide

C. Covalent

D. Hydrogen

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9. ThediagramshowsthetranslationofamRNAmolecule.

Growingpolypeptidechain ofaminoacids Aminoacid

tRNA

mRNA

Ribosome

[Source:NationalHumanGenomeResearchInstitute]

AtRNAmoleculewithanticodonCAGcarriestheaminoacidphenylalanine.WhichcodonofmRNAwillthetRNAjoin?

A. CTG

B. CAG

C. GTC

D. GUC

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10. Thegraphshowstheabsorptionspectrumofthreedifferentpigments.


[Pleaserefertothegraphathttp://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/lect10.htmundertheheadingof“Thelight-dependentreactions”]

Whatisshowninthegraph?

A. Thepigmentsabsorbalmostallgreenandyellowlight.

B. Carotenoidsabsorbbestinorangelight.

C. Therateofphotosynthesisislowestinbluelight.

D. Chlorophyllbabsorbsbestinbluelight.

11. Whatisagenemutation?

A. Failureofchromosomepairstoseparateproperlyduringcelldivision

B. Changestogenescausedbynaturalselection

C. Changestothenucleotidesequenceofthegeneticmaterial

D. Changesinkaryotypes

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12. Whatismeiosis?

A. Divisionofadiploidnucleustoformdiploidnuclei

B. Reductiondivisionofahaploidnucleustoformdiploidnuclei

C. Reductiondivisionofadiploidnucleustoformhaploidnuclei

D. Divisionofahaploidnucleustoformhaploidnuclei

13. Whichisasourceofchromosomesforpre-nataldiagnosisofabnormalitiesbykaryotyping?

A. Sperm

B. Ovaries

C. Erythrocytes

D. Chorionicvilli

14. Whatisaplasmid?

A. ChloroplastDNA

B. MitochondrialDNA

C. SmallcircleofDNAthatcantransfergenestoorfromaprokaryote

D. Thebacterialchromosome

15. Whatbestdescribesthemodeofnutritionofaheterotroph?

A. Itingestsonlynon-livingorganicmatter.

B. Itobtainsorganicmoleculesfromotherorganisms.

C. Itsynthesizesitsorganicmoleculesfrominorganicsubstances.

D. Itproducesitsorganicmoleculesfromchemicalreactionsusinglight.

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Questions 16 and 17 refer to the following food web.

Carnivores

Predatoryinvertebrates Butterflies

Detritivores

Primaryproducers (plants)

[Adaptedwithpermissionfromhttp://jogginsfossilcliffs.net/cliffs/biodiversity/]

16. The energy passing from the detritivores to the predatory invertebrates in this food web is14000kJm–2year–1. Approximatelyhowmuchenergy (inkJm–2year–1)passes from thepredatoryinvertebratestothecarnivores?

A. 140

B. 1400

C. 14000

D. 140000

17. Towhichtrophicleveldothebutterfliesbelong?

A. Producers

B. Primaryconsumers

C. Secondaryconsumers

D. Tertiaryconsumers

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18. Whattypeofprocesscausesantibioticresistancetodevelopinbacteria?

A. Competitionwithviruses

B. Overproductionofoffspring

C. Evolutionduetoenvironmentalchange

D. Responsebybacteriatoanepidemic

19. Whatisanimportantfunctionofthelactealinthevillus?

A. Secretionofmucus

B. Secretionofenzymes

C. Transportofglucose

D. Transportoffats

20. Whichbloodvesseldirectlysuppliesoxygentotheheartmuscle?

A. Aorta

B. Coronaryartery

C. Pulmonaryartery

D. Pulmonaryvein

21. Whatisalong-termeffectofHIVontheimmunesystem?

A. Increaseinleucocytes

B. Reductioninerythrocytes

C. Increaseinantibodyproduction

D. Reductioninactivelymphocytes

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22. Thediagramshowstheventilationsysteminhumans.

X

WhatisthefunctionofthestructurelabelledX?

A. Protectthelungs

B. Contracttocauseinhalation

C. Becomeflattertomovetheribcageup

D. Relaxinordertoincreasethethoraciccapacity

23. Whichofthefollowingarecontrolledbyhomeostasis?

I. BloodpH

II. Waterbalance

III. Bloodglucoseconcentration

A. IandIIonly

B. IandIIIonly

C. IIandIIIonly

D. I,IIandIII

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24. Whichofthefollowinghelptocontrolbodytemperatureonaveryhotday?

I. Shivering

II. Sweating

III. Skinarterioledilation

A. IandIIonly

B. IandIIIonly

C. IIandIIIonly

D. I,IIandIII

25. Whatisanucleosome?

A. AregioninaprokaryoticcellwhereDNAisfound

B. ADNAmoleculewrappedaroundhistoneproteins

C. Aribosomeofaprokaryoticcell

D. Amoleculeconsistingofasugar,abaseandaphosphate

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26. Thediagramshowsthecrosssectionofaplasmamembrane.

X

WhatisfoundinareaX?

A. Glycolipid

B. Glycoprotein

C. Polaraminoacid

D. Non-polaraminoacid

27. Howdoesacompetitiveinhibitorinteractwithanenzyme?

A. Itbindstotheactivesite,denaturingtheenzyme.

B. Itbindstotheactivesite,preventingsubstratebinding.

C. Itbindstoanallostericsite,causingconformationalchangeoftheenzyme.

D. Itbindstotheallostericsite,causingcompetitionwiththesubstrate.

28. Whatoccursduringoxidativephosphorylation?

A. ATPproductionusingelectronsfromNADP

B. CouplingofATPsynthesistoelectrontransport

C. Chemiosmosisinthematrixofthemitochondrion

D. ReleaseofenergyasATPreactswithoxygen

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Questions 29 and 30 refer to the following electron micrograph of a chloroplast.

Y

X

[Source:www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/lect10.htm]

29. WhatisthestructurelabelledX?

A. Stroma

B. Granum

C. Crista

D. Starchgranule

30. WhatisafunctionofY?

A. Carbonfixation

B. Absorptionoflight

C. Storageofglucose

D. ProductionofATP

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31. Whatisatendril?

A. Needle-likeextensionofthecortexandepidermisforprotection

B. Modifiedleaftopreventevaporation

C. Thread-likestructureusedbyclimbingplantsforsupportandattachment

D. Seedcoatusedforprotection

32.


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33. Whatdoesfar-redabsorbingphytochrome(Pfr)causeinfloweringplants?

A. Itinhibitsfloweringinlong-dayplantswhennightsarelong.

B. Itpromotesfloweringinshort-dayplantswhennightsarelong.

C. Itpromotesfloweringinshort-dayplantswhennightsareshort.

D. Itpromotesfloweringinlong-dayplantswhennightsareshort.

34. Whatcausesgeneticvarietyintheformationofgametesduringmeiosis?

A. Crossing over in prophase I and random orientation of homologous chromosomes inmetaphaseI

B. Crossing over in metaphase I and random orientation of homologous chromosomes inmetaphaseII

C. LinkageofgenesinprophaseIandcrossingoverinmetaphaseI

D. Linkage of genes in metaphase I and random orientation of homologous chromosomes inmetaphaseII

35. Whatisclonalselection?

A. ProductionofmemoryBcells

B. Productionofagroupofidenticalorganisms

C. Passiveimmunityasaresultofinoculationwithantibodies

D. MitoticdivisionofBcellsactivatedinresponsetoaninfection

36. Whatistheroleofligamentsinhumans?

A. Toholdbonestogether

B. Toholdmusclestogether

C. Toattachbonestomuscles

D. Toattachnervestomuscles

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37. Thediagramshowsthenephroninakidney.Whichlabelledpartispermeabletosodiumandnottowater?

A.Afferentarteriole

Cortex

Efferentarteriole

Medulla

C.B. D.

[Source:www.medcyclopaedia.com/upload/book%20of%20radiology/chapter25/nic_k251_295.jpg]

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38. Thediagramshowstheadultfemalereproductivesystem.Whichlabelshowsthecervixandwhichshowstheusualsiteoffertilization?

II

I III

IV

Cervix Site of fertilization

A. I II

B. II IV

C. III II

D. IV III

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39. Themicrographshowsthestructureofatestisundergoingspermatogenesis.

X

[ImagecourtesyofWebPathology.com]

WhatisthestructurelabelledX?

A. Sperm

B. Sertolicell

C. Leydigcell

D. Germinalepitheliumcell

40. Whichisthecorrectsequenceofstagesinfertilization?

A. corticalreaction penetrationoftheeggmembrane acrosomereaction

B. corticalreaction acrosomereaction penetrationoftheeggmembrane

C. acrosomereaction corticalreaction penetrationoftheeggmembrane

D. acrosomereaction penetrationoftheeggmembrane corticalreaction

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