Biology I

Parts of a Cell

Engage: Warm Up1. List as many organs as you can think of

in your body.

2. Make a list of DIFFERENCES that you see between these two cells.

Review Warm Up

Brain Nucleus Command center/brain of cell controls all activities.

Stomach Vacuole Stores water and waste for the cell.Muscles Ribosome Protein synthesis or “factory”Heart Mitochondria Cellular Respiration site. Makes energy

for cell.Skin Cell

membraneControls what goes in and out of cell. Maintains homeostasis for the cell.

Get ready for “Cell Organelle Notes”

Organelles

• Organelle means “little

organ”

• Each organelle has a

specific job (function)

• All of them must work

together to keep the cell

alive

What is an organelle?

A Cell is Like a City!

Prokaryotic Cells(AKA “Simple” Cells)

Fewer Parts…

Cell Wall

• Surrounds the cell

• Provides structure

and protection

Plasma Membrane(cell membrane)

• Surrounds cell

(like a city wall

with gates)

• Controls what

goes in and out

of cell

Outside

Cytoplasm

• Contains organelles (where everything takes place)

• Jelly-like substance

Outside

DNA

• Contains genetic

information

• Found in

cytoplasm. Not

bound by

anything.

Ribosomes

• Make proteins (like builders and workers)

• Can be floating in cytoplasm or attached to

the rough ER

Outside

Phytoplankton Up Close

Single Celled Marine

Organisms

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

Phytoplankton Up Close

Protoperidinium Pellucidum

Microbes, like this single-celled marine phytoplankton, make up a

staggering 90 percent of the ocean’s total biomass. Because such organisms are so difficult to observe in nature, much of the ocean’s microbial life remains a

mystery to science.

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

ThalassionemaThis star-shaped colony of marine diatoms is called Thalassionema. Diatoms are single-celled algae and some of the most numerous photosynthetic “plants” in the oceans. Hundreds of diatoms can fit on the head of a pin, but these tiny organisms exist in countless numbers—enough to change seawater color during periodic population “blooms.”

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

DinoflagellateA scanning electron microscope captured this pair of unicellular dinoflagellates in a drop of seawater found near the Opera House in Sydney, Australia. The microbes were later colorized to produce this image’s glowing, green hue. Scientists are just beginning to understand the impact such invisible organisms can have, for good or ill. Dinophysis species like these are associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning.

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic cells have the same parts as prokaryotic cells…

and more!

Eukaryotic Cells

Nucleus

Nucleus:

• Control center (like City Hall)

• Contains DNA

Mitochondria

• Power supply for cell (like a generator)

• Provides energy by breaking down

carbohydrates

Vacuole

• Stores water, food, and waste (like a water tower)•small in animal cells•LARGE in plant cells

Ribosomes• Where protein

synthesis happen in the cell.

• Typically recognized by small dots unless it’s a close up.

Cell Membrane• Controls what goes

in and out of the cell.• Phospholipid bilayer

is made up of 2 layers (hydrophobic and hydrophilic)

• Made mostly of lipids with some proteins.

Cytoplasm• Filling inside the cell.

Plant Cell

• Cell wall

• Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts(plants only)

• Power supply for plant cells (like a power plant)

• Convert light energy into chemical energy

• Contain chlorophylls (which make them green!)

Cell Wall(plant cells and bacteria cells)

• Gives structure and support to cell

• Made of cellulose (a carbohydrate!)

Aquatic OrganismsClassify By Cell Type

• Bay Grass

1.What type of cell is it made up of?

2.Name 2 organelles that are found in this organism’s cells that would not be found in animal cells.

Aquatic OrganismsClassify By Cell Type

• Rock Fish

1.What type of cell is it made up of?

2.What is the outermost boundary of this fish’s cells?

Aquatic OrganismsClassify By Cell Type

• Phytoplankton

1.What type of cell is it made up of?

2.How is the genetic information arranged in this organism?

Revisit Our Warm UpCan you think of what organelles are most

like the following organs?

Brain Command center/brain of cell controls all activities.

Stomach Stores water and waste for the cell.Muscles Protein synthesis or “factory”Heart Cellular Respiration site. Makes energy

for cell.Skin Controls what goes in and out of cell.

Maintains homeostasis for the cell.

Nucleus

Vacuole

Ribosome

Mitochondria

Cell membrane

Evaluate• Fill in a diagram to compare and contrast

eukaryotes and prokaryotes. You may use your notes that you took during class.

OnlyProkaryotes

Only Eukaryotes

Both

Extension & Extra Slides Below(Organelles not tested on HSA)

• Create flash cards of the cell parts

• One side = name and drawing (picture)

• Other side = function (what it does)

Golgi Apparatus Packages, sorts and ships proteins

Prokaryotes make up bacteria.

Compete for the biggest list including:1. What are all the different places

that you could find prokaryotes (bacteria)?

2. What are infections caused by prokaryotes (bacteria)?.

3. Give names of prokaryotes (bacteria)?

Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Network of membranes that transport proteins (like streets and highways)

• Rough ER- contains ribosomes to make proteins

• Smooth ER- no ribosomes, makes lipids

Nucleus & Nucleolus

Nucleus:

• Control center (like City Hall)

• Contains DNA

Nucleolus:

• Inside of nucleus

•Makes ribosomes

Cytoskeleton

• Gives shape to the cells (like support for buildings)

• Moves things around

Golgi Apparatus

• Packages, sorts and ships proteins (like a post office)