biology journal 10/1/2013

Biology Journal 10/1/2013

1. What kind of reaction is shown? 2. Write out the reaction as words:Sucrose + _______ → ________ + _______3. When might this reaction be happing in your

life?

++ →H2O


1. What kind of reaction is shown? Decomposition through hydrolysis

2. Write out the reaction as words: see below3. When might this reaction be happing in your life?

This happens whenever you eat sucrose (sugar)!

++ →H2O

sucrose + water → fructose + glucose

We will now learn how the digestive system makes this happen!

A =B =C =D =E =

SubstrateEnzymeActive siteEnzyme-substrate complexProducts

What kind of reaction is happening in this picture?Decomposition

What do the parts in the picture represent?

Enzymes (almost) always end in what 3 letters?

ASE

Reactants are:Big (too big to be absorbed into a cell)Usually insoluble

Products are:Small enough to be absorbed into a cellUsually soluble

Large food molecules need to be digested or catabolized (broken down by an enzyme –usually hydrolysis) before the nutrients can be absorbed.

What could be a null hypothesis for the toothpickase lab we just did?

How will you test the null hypothesis to see if it is supported or not supported?

What could we do for Aspect 2: processing raw data?

Molecule Type Monomer Dimer Polymer Examples

Carbohydrates Starch…

Proteins Monopeptide(one amino acid)

Enzymes, collagen,

elastin, keratin

Lipids(aka fats) CH2 n/a lipid


Complete the table!

Molecule Type Monomer Dimer Polymer Examples

Carbohydrates Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide

Starch, lactose,

glucose, ribose

Proteins Monopeptide(one amino acid) Dipeptide Polypeptide

Enzymes, collagen, elastin,

Lipids(aka fats) CH2 n/a lipid Fatty acids,

triglyceride



What order are these organs encountered in the digestive tract (from mouth to anus)? Put them in the correct sequence.

MouthLarge intestineSmall intestine

ColonStomach

EsophagusLiverAnus

Pancreas


What order are these organs encountered in the digestive tract (from mouth to anus)? Put them in the correct sequence.

MouthEsophagusStomach

Small intestineLiver and Pancreas

Large intestineColonAnus


Salivary Amylase Trypsin

Substrate Polypeptides(aka protein)

Products 3 Fatty acids & Glycerol

Type of enzyme Amylase

Place in the body it is

madePancreas

Complete the table!


Salivary Amylase Trypsin Pancreatic Lipase

SubstrateStarch

(which is a polysaccharide)

Polypeptides(aka protein) Triglycerides

ProductsMaltose

(which is a monosacharide)

Monopeptides(aka amino acids)

3 Fatty acids & Glycerol

Type of enzyme Amylase Protease Lipase

Place in the body it is

madeSalivary glands(in the mouth)

Duodenum(small intestine) Pancreas

X-ray scan of a house cat being digested by a python.

What is activation energy? What do enzymes do to activation energy?

Activation energy is the energy input required to make a reaction happen. Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction, thus it’s faster!

Biology Journal

Stomach Has a pH of 2 (because of HCl) pH kills almost all bacteria, viruses and

denatures proteins Contains pepsin (a protease whose optimum pH

is 2) Stretch-receptors trigger release of enzymes

So, based on that, do you think that the 5 second rule is valid?

Small Intestine Absorbs molecules through villi Long! (around 7 meters (23 feet) long)

Small Intestine Liver and Pancreas add enzymes to finish

breaking down food Bile ducts and pancreatic duct meet up and

transfer bile and enzymes to duodenum

Small Intestine Villi are finger-like

projections that maximize surface area for absorption of molecules.

Villi are like a bath towel. The more surface area, the faster and more efficient the absorption.

Molecules are absorbed by villi, meaning the nutrients pass from the gut into the blood. These molecules are assimilated by cells, meaning cells take the molecules and integrate them into themselves.

Large Intestine Absorbs water from food (not nutrients) Has large stores of bacteria

How does diarrhea help cure you from an illness?

During diarrhea, the small intestine stops absorbing water and instead attempts to purge all contents of digestive system.

biology journal 10/1/2013

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