biology milestones review. round 1 intro to biology 1. sexual reproduction : two parents :: asexual...
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ROUND 1Intro to Biology
1. Sexual reproduction : two parents :: asexual reproduction : ______.
A. two parents D. two cells
B. one nonliving thing E. one parent
C. one cell
Answer: E. one parent
Intro to Biology
2. one gram : 1000 milligrams :: one meter : ______.
A. 1000 millimeters D. 1 milliliter
B. 1 millimeter E. 1000 meters
C. 1 kilometer
Answer: A. 1000 millimeters
Intro to Biology
3. A researcher investigated two groups of fruit flies. Population A was kept in a 0.5-L container. Population B was kept in a 1-L container. The manipulated variable was the
A. number of flies D. time in days
B. number of groups E. size of the containers
C. difference in time per group
Answer: E. size of the containers
Intro to Biology
4. What two main things can affect the activity of an enzyme?
A. pH and acidity
B. pH and basicity
C. Temperature and humidity
D. pH and temperature
ANSWER: D
Intro to Biology 5. The first energy level of an atom can hold
two electrons. After that most energy levels can hold how many electrons?
A. 2B. 4C. 6D. 8
ANSWER: D
Intro to Biology 6. Which of the following
is a logical inference based on the contents of the graph?
A. The flies in Group B were healthier than those in Group A.
B. A fly population with more available space will grow larger than a population with less space.
C. If Group B were observed for 40 more days, the size of the population would double.
D. In 40 more days, the sizes of both populations would decrease at the same rate.
Biochemistry
7. Which one of the following is NOT an organic molecule found in living organisms?
A. protein D. sodium chloride
B. nucleic acid E. lipid
C. carbohydrate
Biochemistry
8. Which combination of particle and charge is correct?
A. proton: positively charged
B. electron: positively charged
C. neutron: negatively charged
D. proton: negatively charged
E. electron: no charge
Biochemistry
9. The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction are the
A. cohesion. D. reactants.
B. adhesion. E. products.
C. catalysts.
Biochemistry
10. Protein : amino acids :: nucleic acid : _____.
A. acids D. ribose sugars
B. bases E. fatty acids
C. nucleotides
Answers
6. Answer: A
7. Answer: D. sodium chloride
8. Answer: A. proton: positively charged
9. Answer: D. reactants
10. Answer: C. nucleotides
ROUND 2Ecology
11. A group of individuals belonging to a single species that live together in a defined area is termed a(an)
A. population. D. biome.
B. ecosystem. E. biosphere.
C. community.
Answer: A. population
Ecology
12. In addition to herbivores, another type of consumer is a(an)I. CarnivoreII. OmnivoreIII. Detrivore
A. I only D. II and III onlyB. II only E. I, II, and IIIC. I and II only
Answer: E. I, II, and III
Ecology
13. Which is NOT an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?
A. microorganisms D. rainfall
B. light E. soil
C. temperature
Answer: A. microorganisms
ECOLOGY
14. Each of the following is a density-dependent limiting factor EXCEPT
A. CompetitionB. DroughtC. DiseaseD. PredationE. Parasitism
ANSWER: B Drought
Ecology
15. Flea : dog :: parasite : _____.
A. predator D. competitor
B. bacteria E. carnivore
C. host
Ecology
16. Which factors increase the size of a population?
I. Emigration
II. Birthrate
III. Immigration
A. I only D. II and III only
B. III only E. I, II, and III
C. I and III only
Ecology
17. J-shaped curve : exponential :: S-shaped curve : ______.
A. demographic D. limiting factor
B. predation E. immigration
C. logistic
Ecology
18. Which of the following is NOT a renewable resource?
A. wind D. fossil fuels
B. sunlight E. trees
C. water
Cells
19. Animal cells have all of the following EXCEPT
A. mitochondria. D. a cell membrane.
B. chloroplasts. E. Golgi apparatus.
C. a nucleus.
Answers
15. Answer: C. host
16. Answer: D. II and III only
17. Answer: C. logistic
18. Answer: D. fossil fuels
19. Answer: B. chloroplasts
Cells
20. Which process always involves the movement of materials from inside the cell to outside the cell?
A. phagocytosis D. exocytosis
B. endocytosis E. osmosis
C. diffusion
Answer: D. exocytosis
Cells
21. What is the total number of ATPs produced during cellular respiration?
A. 12 ATP
B. 36 ATP
C. 24 ATP
D. 2 ATP
ANSWER: B 36 ATP
Cells 22. Choose the cellular structure that is present in
eukaryotic cells but NOT in prokaryotic cells.
I. Nuclear membrane
II. Mitochondria
III. Cell membrane
A. I only D. I and II onlyB. II only E. I, II, and IIIC. III only
ANSWER: D I and II
Photosynthesis
23. Oak tree : autotroph :: human : ______.
A. consumer D. omnivore
B. producer E. heterotroph
C. autotroph
Answer: E. heterotroph
Photosynthesis
24. Which equation best summarizes the process of photosynthesis?
A. water + carbon dioxide → sugars + oxygen B. sugars + oxygen → water + carbon
C. water + oxygen → sugars + carbon dioxide D. oxygen + carbon dioxide → sugars + oxygen
E. sugars + carbon dioxide → water + oxygen
Answer: A.
Photosynthesis
25. In a typical plant, all of the following factors are necessary for photosynthesis EXCEPT
A. chlorophyll. D. carbon dioxide.
B. light. E. water.
C. oxygen.
Cellular Respiration
26. What raw materials are needed for cellular respiration?
A. glucose and carbon dioxide
B. glucose and oxygen
C. carbon dioxide and oxygen
D. oxygen and lactic acid
E. carbon dioxide and water
Cellular Respiration
27. In eukaryotic cells, most of cellular respiration takes place in the
A. nuclei. D. cell walls.
B. cytoplasm. E. centrioles.
C. mitochondria.
Cell Division
28. Which of the following is NOT a phase of mitosis?
A. anaphase D. prophase
B. metaphase E. interphase
C. telophase
Cell Division
29. A process in which unregulated cell division occurs is known as
A. mitosis. D. cancer.
B. the cell cycle. E. interphase.
C. cytokinesis.
Answers
25. Answer: C. oxygen
26. Answer: B. glucose and oxygen
27. Answer: C. mitochondria.
28. Answer: E. interphase
29. Answer: D. cancer
Genetics
30. What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis?
A. It doubles. D. It becomes diploid.
B. It stays the same. E. It quadruples.
C. It halves.
Answer: C. It halves.
Genetics
31. Two pink-flowering plants are crossed. The offspring flower as follows: 25% red, 25% white, 50% pink. What pattern of inheritance does flower color in these flowers follow?
A. dominance D. recessiveness
B. multiple allelesE. polygenic traits
C. incomplete dominance
Answer: C. incomplete dominance
Genetics
32. Mitosis : diploid daughter cells :: meiosis : ______.
A. egg cells
B. sperm cells
C. four daughter cells
D. haploid daughter cells
E. tetraploid daughter cells
Answer: D. haploid daughter cells
Genetics
33. If you make a Punnett square showing a cross between two heterozygous individuals for two separate traits, what should the phenotypic ratio be?
A. 3:1:3:1
B. 1:1
C. 9:3:3:1
D. 6:4
ANSWER: C 9:3:3:1
Genetics
34. What happened during meiosis for an individual to get Down Syndrome?
A. Nondisjunction of the chromosome 21 pair
B. Copying of Chromosome 21C. Deletion of Chromosome 21D. Magic
ANSWER: A
DNA and RNA
35. During replication, which sequence of nucleotides would bond with the DNA sequence TATGA?
A. TATGA D. AUAGA
B. UAUGA E. ATACA
C. ATACT
DNA and RNA
36. In which of the following ways does RNA differ from DNA?
A. RNA contains uracil and deoxyribose. B. RNA contains ribose and thymine.
C. RNA contains uracil and ribose.
D. RNA contains adenine and ribose.
E. RNA contains uracil, adenine, and ribose.
DNA and RNA
37. Which of the following nucleotide(s) bond(s) with adenine?
A. thymine only D. cytosine & guanine
B. uracil only E. thymine & uracil
C. tymine, uracil, and cytosine
DNA and RNA
38. Which sample(s) support(s) the base-pairing rules?
A. Sample A only
B. Sample B only
C. Sample C only
D. Samples A and C
E. Samples A, B, and C
Evolution
39. Which scientist formulated the theory of evolution through natural selection?
A. Charles DarwinD. Charles Lyell
B. James Hutton E. Alfred Wallace
C. Jean-Baptiste Lamark
Answers
35. Answer: C. ATACT
36. Answer: C. RNA contains uracil and ribose.
37. Answer: E. thymine & uracil
38. Answer: D. Samples A and C
39. Answer: A. Charles Darwin
EvolutionROUND 5
34. When two species reproduce at different times, the situation is called
A. temporal isolation.D. temporal selection.
B. speciation. E. geographic isolation.
C. genetic drift.
Answer: A. temporal isolation.
Evolution
35. What does natural selection act upon to enable evolution to occur?
I. Individuals A. all of them
II. Clones B. I only
III. Species C. II and IV
IV. Populations D. III, IV, and V
V. Phenotypes
ANSWER: D
Evolution 36. What is currently the strongest and most reliable
evidence for evolution?
A. Fossils
B. DNA evidence
C. Embryology
D. Homologous structures
ANSWER: B
Classification
37. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Linnaeus’s system for naming organisms?
A. two-part name
B. multi-part name describing several traits
C. name that identifies the organism’s genus
D. name that identifies the organism’s species
E. name unique to a single species
Answer: B. multi-part name describing several traits
Classification
38. Animalia : kingdom :: Gastropoda : ______.
A. order D. phylum
B. class E. domain
C. species
Answer: B. class
Bacteria & Viruses
39. Which illness is NOT caused by a virus?
A. AIDS D. common cold
B. polio E. flu
C. botulism
Bacteria & Viruses
40. All bacteria are classified as
A. eukaryotes. D. prokaryotes.
B. protists. E. blue-green algae.
C. archaea.
Protists
41. In amoebas, what structure helps the organism move and feed?
A. flagellum D. pseudopod
B. cilia E. contractile vacuole
C. food vacuole
Protists
42. Based on the data in the graph, the incidence of malaria is
I. Declining in Africa.
II. Increasing in Southeast Asia.
III. Increasing in North & South America
A. I only D. III only
B. II and III only E. I, II, and III
C. I and II only
Fungi
43. Which of the following organisms is NOT a fungus?
A. mushroom D. bread mold
B. puffball E. yeast
C. water mold
Answers
39. Answer: C. botulism
40. Answer: D. prokaryotes
41. Answer: D. pseudopod
42. Answer: C. I and II only
43. Answer: C. water mold (funguslike protist)
Round 6Fungi
44. Plant : root :: mold : _____.
A. gametangium D. stolon
B. zygospore E. sporangiophore
C. rhizoid
Answer: C. rhizoid
Plants
45. Gymnosperm : cones :: angiosperm : _____.
A. roots D. leaves
B. seeds E. flowers
C. stems
Answer: E. flowers
Plants
46. Which of the following is a basic requirement of plants?I. sunlightII. Carbon dioxideIII. water
A. I only D. II and III onlyB. II only E. I, II, and IIIC. I and II only
Answer: E. I, II, and III
Plants 47. What is the correct order for the process of
cellular respiration?
A. Electron transport chain (ETC), Calvin cycle, Glycolysis
B. Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport (ETC)C. Krebs, ETC, glycolysisD. Calvin cycle, Krebs cycle, ETC
ANSWER: B
Plants
48. The major source of oxygen in the atmosphere is released from what?
A. Cellular respiration
B. Car exhaust
C. Photosynthesis
D. Weathering of rock
ANSWER: C
Microscopes 49. When trying to use a microscope to view a
very small organisms, you should…
A. Use the highest magnification objective first and try to view the organism
B. Use the lowest objective and coarse adjustment first, focus it, and work your way up to the highest magnification and fine adjustment.
C. Use the fine adjustment and the highest magnification objective first.
ANSWER: B
Plants
50. Where does most of the photosynthesis occur in a plant?
A. stomata D. vascular cambium
B. guard cells E. mesophyll tissue of C. bark the leaves
Plants
51. Where in a flower are pollen grains produced?
A. sepals D. ovary
B. anthers E. stigma
C. carpels
Animals
52. Radial symmetry : jellyfish :: asymmetry : _____.
A. medusa D. coral
B. polyp E. sponge
C. sea anemone
AnimalsROUND 7
53. The concentration of nerve tissue and organs in one end of the body is called
A. cephalization. D. body symmetry.
B. segmentation. E. nerve nets.
C. diffusion.
Answer: A. cephalization.
Animals
54. tadpole : gills :: frog : ______.
A. atrium D. eggs
B. lungs E. stomach
C. scales
Answer: B. lungs
Animals
55. Which phyla of animals contains the smartest invertebrate in the animal kingdom?
A. GastropodaB. EchinodermataC. CnidariaD. Mollusca
ANSWER: D
Ecology
56. Humans have caused a huge impact on the environment. What has caused an increase in acid rain?
A. Use of CFCs
B. Use of pesticides
C. Coal burning power plants
D. Nuclear power plants
ANSWER: C
Animals
58. Amniotic eggs are a characteristic ofI. AmphibiansII. ReptilesIII. Birds
A. I only D. II and III onlyB. II only E. I, II, and IIIC. I and II only
Answer: D. II and III only