biology monday 9 november 2015 paper two — question … · for all queensland schools 2015 senior...
TRANSCRIPT
For all Queensland schools
2015 Senior External Examination
Biology Monday 9 November 2015
Paper Two — Question and response book 1 pm to 3:10 pm
Time allowed
• Perusal time: 10 minutes
• Working time: 2 hours
Examination materials provided
• Paper Two — Question and response book
• Notepaper
Equipment/materials allowed
• QCAA-approved equipment
• non-programmable calculator
• one A4 sheet of EBI question topic research notes
Directions
Do not write in this book during perusal time.
Paper Two has two parts:
• Part A — Continuity of life
• Part B — Evolution and diversity
Attempt all questions.
Suggested time allocation
• Part A: 1 hour 20 minutes
• Part B: 40 minutes
Assessment
Paper Two assesses the following assessment criteria:
• Understanding biology (UB)
• Investigating biology (IB)
• Evaluating biological issues (EBI)
Assessment standards are at the end of this book.
After the examination session
The supervisor will collect this book and your research notes when you leave.
––
Candidate use
Print your candidate number here
Attach barcode here
Number of books used
1 5
Supervisor use only
QCAA use only
Supervisor’s initials
Marker number
Planning space
Part A — Continuity of life
Questions 1–9 assess Understanding biology (UB) and Investigating biology (IB).
Question 10 assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI).
Attempt all questions. Write your responses in the spaces provided.
Suggested time allocation: 1 hour 20 minutes.
Question 1 (UB)
The diagram shows some of the cell divisions that occur during human reproduction.
a. Name the type of cell division that produces cell D from cell B.
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b. Which organ in the male body produces cell C from cell A?
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c. Cells A and B each contain 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the nucleus of cell C?
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d. Why is it important that cell C has this number of chromosomes?
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A
Male Female
Embryo
B
C D
1
Question 2 (UB)a. Explain the difference between pollination and fertilisation in plants.
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b. List two adaptations of flowering plants to encourage pollination by animals. Explain each.
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Question 3 (IB)
The following diagrams represent part of a flowering plant. Pollen grains from the same species as the plant land on the stigmas as shown. Cuts are made to different plants in positions X, Y and Z.
The results obtained showed that fruit did not form from any of the flowers. Draw a conclusion to explain the results, referring to the theory of plant reproduction.
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Y
Z
Xstigma
style
pollengrain
flower stalk
ovuleovary
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Question 4 (UB)
A scientist analysed the number of each of the four bases present in a molecule of DNA and obtained the following results.
a. Complete the table above to show the composition of the DNA.
b. The scientist then analysed a molecule of messenger RNA produced from the coding strand. Explain one way the composition of the mRNA strand would differ from the DNA complementary strand.
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c. Outline how DNA replicates, referring to the importance of complementary base pairing. Include a diagram in your response.
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Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine
Coding strand 60 21
Complementary strand 32 44
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Question 5 (UB)
CADASIL is an inherited disorder caused by a dominant allele, leading to weakening of blood vessels in the brain.
The diagram shows the inheritance of CADASIL in one family.
a. What evidence in the diagram shows that CADASIL is caused by a dominant allele?
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b. Is person 7 homozygous or heterozygous for the CADASIL allele? Give evidence from the diagram.
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c. Persons 7 and 8 are planning to have another baby. Use a genetic diagram to find the probability that the new baby will have CADASIL.
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12
Key
Male with CADASIL
Female with CADASIL
Male without CADASIL
Female without CADASIL
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Question 6 (UB)
In mice the gene (Y) results in yellow coat colour and the gene (y) in black coat colour.
a. Which is the dominant allele?
b. What is the genotype of a pure strain yellow-coated mouse?
c. What is the genotype of a mouse with a black coat?
d. If a mouse homozygous for yellow coat was crossed with a mouse with a black coat, what would be the expected phenotypes and in what ratio?
Question 7 (UB)
Normal leg length, characteristic of Kerry cattle, is produced by the homozygous genotype (DD). Short-legged Dexter cattle possess the heterozygous genotype (Dd). The homozygous genotype (dd) is lethal, producing deformed stillbirths called ‘bulldog calves’.
The presence of horns in cattle is governed by the recessive allele of another gene locus (p), the polled condition (absence of horns) is produced by its dominant allele (P).
In matings between polled Dexter cattle of genotype DdPp, what numbers of each phenotype are expected in an adult population of 120 cattle?
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Question 8 (IB)
A student is asked to determine the best temperature for the germination of sorghum seeds. Three possible designs are shown below.
a. Evaluate each of the three designs. How valid would each of the results be in A, B and C? Explain your response.
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10 °C 10 °C 10 °C
A B C
30 °C 30 °C 30 °C
20 °C 20 °C 20 °C
40 °C 40 °C 40 °C
The time recorded is the timethe first seed germinated ateach temperature
The time recorded is the timefor each seed to germinate ateach temperature
The time recorded is theaverage time for seeds togerminate at each temperature
6
b. Propose refinements to design C.
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Question 9 (IB)
Flowers of a particular species of plant close their petals at night. Design an experiment to investigate whether the flowers close their petals in response to light intensity or to temperature.
• Provide methodology.
• Address variables.
• Plan replicate treatments.
• Identify data to be collected.
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7
Question 10 assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI). Write an extended response below.
Your response MUST refer to biological principles, concepts and ideas.
Question 10 (EBI)
Transgenics involves removing genetic material from one species and adding it to another. It presents a range of possibilities, from feeding the hungry to preventing and treating disease.
Decide whether research into transgenics should continue. Justify your decision by referring to both the biological positives and the biological negatives of the use of this research.
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End of Part A
9
Part B — Evolution and diversity
Questions 1–5 assess Understanding biology (UB) and Investigating biology (IB).
Attempt all questions. Write your responses in the spaces provided.
Suggested time allocation: 40 minutes.
Question 1 (UB)
Explain the significant aspects of the theory of natural selection.
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Question 2 (UB)
Name and describe two types of data used as evidence for evolution.
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Question 3 (UB)
What is meant by the term species?
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10
Question 4 (IB)
Howea forsteriana and H. belmoreana are two species of palm tree that grow on a small island in the South Pacific. The table below gives some information about these species of palm tree.
Scientists believe that these two species of palm tree began to evolve from a single species over two million years ago.
Using information from the table in your response, hypothesise how the two species evolved.
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H. forsteriana H. belmoreana
Optimum soil pH for growth 8 6
Height above sea level of most common habitat (m) 30–60 Above 120
Month when most palm trees flower October December
Method of pollination Wind Wind
11
Question 5 (IB)
Latitude is a measure of distance north and south of the Earth’s equator.
Scientists investigated the effect of latitude on:
• the time taken for new species to evolve
• the proportion of living species.
The table below shows the scientists’ results.
As latitude increases environmental conditions become more severe.
Interpret and analyse the data to draw conclusions about the effects of latitude on the time taken for new species to evolve and on the proportion of living species.
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End of Part B
End of Paper Two
Latitude (degrees north of
the equator)
Time taken for new species to evolve
(millions of years)
Relative proportion of living species
0 (at the equator) 3–4 10
25 2 8
50 1 3
75 (in the Arctic) 0.5 2
12
Additional pages for responses (if required)
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Part Question
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Additional pages for responses (if required)
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Part Question
14
Planning space
15
16
Planning space
17
Planning space
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18
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19
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