Biology Notebook: 06.01 The Classification of Living Organisms Objectives:

● • Describe classification as a work in progress

● • Discuss the characteristics of three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

● • Describe classifications by cladistics

● • Summarize how molecular evidence reveals species relatedness

● • Identify the structures and shapes of viruses

● • Describe different types of viral infections

Key Questions and Terms Notes

Classification of Living Things

What is hierarchy?

Who was Carolus Linnaeus and what did he

create?

What is taxonomy?

What three kingdoms did Linnaeus divide

nature?

How did Linnaeus divide plants and animals

into smaller categories?

What are the seven major taxa of modern

Linnaean taxonomy? 1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.

6. 6.

7. 7.

What are the current five kingdoms of life?

What is binomial nomenclature?

How are the names created in binomial

nomenclature?

Domain System: What did Carl Woese use

to determine links between organisms?

Are all organisms with similar physical

characteristics related to one another?

What are the three domains Woese and his

colleagues proposed? 1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

What mnemonic device can be used to

remember the order of Linnaean taxonomy?

Alternative Classification Systems: Phylogeny and Cladistics

What is phylogeny?

What does a phylogenetic tree represent and

how are species linked together?

What is cladistics?

What is a cladogram?

What is a clade?

What are ancestral traits?

What is a derived trait?

Explain how organisms are placed in a

cladogram.

Alternative Classification Systems: Genetic Connections

How do genetic connections help to organize

species?

What are some disadvantages of using

genetics for categorization?

Classification of Non-Living Things

What is a virus?

How are viruses categorized?

List and describe the four main viral shapes.

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

Viral Infections

Describe a lytic infection.

What is a lysogenic infection?

What are the steps of a lytic infection?

What are the steps of a lysogenic infection?

How are viruses used in gene therapy?

What is the main difference between bacteria

and virus?

Classification Comparisons

Using the review to complete the chart below.

Linnaean Taxonomy Cladistics Genetic Connections

Advantage

Disadvantage

Advantage

Disadvantage

Sample Question:

Which of the following is NOT true about viruses?

A. A. Viruses have a protein coat.

B. B. Viruses have their own genetic material.

C. C. Viruses can reproduce on their own.

D. D. Viruses are classified by shape.