biology pri
TRANSCRIPT
BIOLOGY BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECTPROJECT
Submitted By: PRIYA KUMARIXII‐ A
ROLL NO:
This is to certify that PRIYA KUMARI, student of class XII‐A has successfully completed the research on the topic ‘Biomimcry’ under the guidance of Mrs. ANITHA SARMA ( S bj t T h ) d i thANITHA SARMA ( Subject Teacher ) during the session 2014‐15 in partial fulfilment of Biology practical examination conducted by AISSCE, New
DelhiDelhi.
Signature of external Si t f Bi lSignature of Biology
examiner teacher
Signature of Principal
Acknowledgement
I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to the Principal, Mrs. SushmaMisar , for her encouragement and for all the facilities that she provided for this project work.
I extend my hearty thanks to Mrs. Anitha Sarma , Biology teacher ,who guided me to the successful completion of this project. I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude for her invaluable guidance constant encouragementinvaluable guidance, constant encouragement , immense motivation , which has sustained my efforts at all the stages of this project work…
I also thank Mr. Uttarchand, Lab Assistant who helped me get along with this project.
I can’t forgot to offer my sincere thanks to parents and also to my classmates who helped me to carry out this project work successful and for their valuable advice and support , which I received from them time to time….
Priya Kumari
ContentsBiomimicryBiomimicry
1.1. IntroductionIntroduction
22 E l OfE l Of Bi i iBi i i2.2. Examples Of Examples Of BiomimicryBiomimicry
•• VelcroVelcro
•• UltracaneUltracane
Sl k Sh k SkiSl k Sh k Ski•• Sleek Shark SkinSleek Shark Skin
•• Diatoms As Cheap Solar CellDiatoms As Cheap Solar Cell
•• Spider Silk as strong tapeSpider Silk as strong tape
•• Beetles show the way to Beetles show the way to water conservationwater conservation
•• Gecko's Grip and adhesivesGecko's Grip and adhesives
3.Some future applications 3.Some future applications having potentialhaving potential
Biomimicry : INTRODUCTION
DEFINATIONBiomimetics or biomimicry is the imitation of the models,
systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems.
Living organisms have evolved well‐adapted structures and
BRIEF HISTORY
Living organisms have evolved well adapted structures and materials over geological time through natural selection. Biomimetics has given rise to new technologies inspired by biological solutions at macro and nanoscales.
BRIEF HISTORYWhen Janine Benyus popularized the term “biomimicry” in
her seminal book Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature (1997), she admits she had no idea it would galvanize an entire movement.
A i t t i bi i i l t d it b l th tAs interest in biomimicry escalated, it soon became clear that an institute dedicated to biomimicry education was needed. In 2005, Bryony Schwan and Janine Benyus co‐founded the Biomimicry Institute.
at macro and nanoscales.
Velcro is ubiquitous these days, found on everything from astronaut suits to children's shoes. The sticky material was actually inspired by the way plant burrs stick to dog hair. In 1941, the Swiss engineer George de Mestral looked at the burrsengineer George de Mestral looked at the burrs under a microscope and noticed they contained hundreds of tiny hooks that could catch on loops of hair or clothing. He developed a material based on this and called it Velcro, from the French words "velours " meaning velvet andFrench words velours, meaning velvet, and "crochet," meaning hook.
• It sounds like the beginning of a bad joke:• It sounds like the beginning of a bad joke: A brain expert, a bat biologist, and an engineer walk into a cafeteria. But that's exactly what happened when a casual meeting of the minds at England's Leeds University led to the invention of theUniversity led to the invention of the Ultracane, a walking stick for the blind that vibrates as it approaches objects.
• The cane works using echolocation, the same sensory system that bats use to map out their environments. It lets off p60,000 ultrasonic pulses per second and then listens for them to bounce back. When some return faster than others, that indicates a nearby object, which causes the cane's handle to vibrate. U i thi t h i th t lUsing this technique, the cane not only "sees" objects on the ground, such as trash cans and fire hydrants, but also senses things above, such as low‐hanging signs and tree branches. And because the cane's output and feedbackbecause the cane s output and feedback are silent, people using it can still hear everything going on around them. Although the Ultracane hasn't experienced ultra‐stellar sales, several companies in the United States and New pZealand are currently trying to figure out how to market similar gadgets using the same bat‐inspired technology.
1. Sharks, the stealthy predators of the deep, may have a thing or two to teach the Indian Navy. Shark skin contains sleek scales that resemble tiny teeth and are made of a tough materialtiny teeth and are made of a tough material called dentin. The scales create tiny vortices in the water that reduce drag, studies have shown. Shark skin also prevents barnacles and other organisms from glomming on, something called Bi f li (th ti k t t thBio-fouling (those sticky creatures cost the Navy at least $50 million each year, one Navy scientist estimated.) The scales are constantly in flux, limiting the surface area to which marine hitchhikers can attach.
2. Researchers in Germany have developed a synthetic shark skin made of elastic silicone that reduces bio‐fouling by 67 percent in tests. The U.S. Navy has funded work to develop similar critter‐repellent coatings.
Optical and photonic properties of diatom silica with unique optical and photonic properties is a link toward cheap optical devices and solar cells.
Diatom Nanotechnology :Nature Diatom Nanotechnology :Nature Inspired TechnologyInspired Technology
Diatoms are unicellular eukaryotic photosynthetic algae present in every aquatic environments, with enormous ecological importance on this planet and an unique optical, photonic,
transport, tribological and mechanical properties generated by pore structures and patterns of their protective silica wall. Diatom nanotechnology is recently emerged as a new gy y g
interdisciplinary area. Diatoms are called as Nature's unique nanofabrication factories able to produce 3‐d silica structure for several minutes with extraordinary diversity of patterns and
structures from nano to micron scale structures and fascinating properties In following years we used diatom silica forproperties. In following years we used diatom silica for
template synthesis of 2‐d and 3‐d metal and polymer structures with complex morphologies and unique optical properties for applications in optics and biosenising. Our research is focused
on transforming of cheap diatom silica into new valuable t i l d th i it f di li tinanomaterials and their composites for diverse applications
including advanced water purification, extraction of precious and heavy metals, catalysis, drug delivery, solar cells and pest
control.
5.Spider Silk as Spider Silk as
strong tapestrong tapeid S id i• Even outside Spider‐Man comic
books, Spider Silk is known to be one of nature's strongest materials —five times stronger than steel by weight. Silk is both stretchy and lightweight It must be sticky in somelightweight. It must be sticky in some places to catch prey, and not sticky in others so that the spider can scuttle across it.
• Scientists have created a medical product that mimics this property: aproduct that mimics this property: a flexible tape that can be peeled off a wound without damaging the tissue underneath. The sticky material could be useful for attaching tubes or sensors to the delicate skin of newborns and the elderly. Traditional medical tape is made by applying a sticky substance onto a thin backing material.
• To make the silk‐inspired tape, researchers applied a silicon‐based film to the backing material first, and used a laser to etch a grid pattern onto the silicon. The grid makes some parts of the material sticky and other parts non sticky just like a spider'sparts non‐sticky, just like a spider s web.
6. Beetles show the way Beetles show the way
to water conservationto water conservation
• The tiny Namib Desert beetle has a clever way of surviving inhas a clever way of surviving in its parched habitat: It collects water by condensing fog into droplets on the ridges of its back.back.
• Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a bumpy material made out ofbumpy material made out of glass and plastic that mimics the beetle's back. That material could be used to collect water or other liquids, make a "lab on a chip" or build cooling devices, scientists said. U.S. military officials think the material could even be useful for cleaning up toxic spillsfor cleaning up toxic spills.
7.Gecko's Gecko's Grip and Grip and adhesiveadhesiveadhesiveadhesive
Geckos can walk along walls and ceilings, because their feet contain dense clumps of
projections, each thinner than a human hair that end in tuftsa human hair, that end in tufts of tiny fibres called spatulae. A
new adhesive is under development that mimics how gecko feet stick to and release
from a surface. Made offrom a surface. Made of millions of plastic fibers, the adhesive can support almost a
pound of weight, and the material gets even stronger
with use. Possible applications include climbing equipment
and medical devices.
Organism mimicked
Ability mimicked
Application
1 Plant burs Hooks that Velcro1.Plant burs Hooks that catch on loop
of hair
Velcro
2.Bat Echolocation Ultracane for2.Bat Echolocation Ultracane for visually impaired
3.Shark Sleek scales Making outer skin that prevent
barnacle growth biofouling
surface of ship,
submarine dirt resistantbiofouling dirt resistant
4.Diatoms Optical And PhotonicProperties
Solar Cell
p
5.Spider spider silk
Strong , elastic silk making
Medical tape which
protects the underlying tissue
onpeeling off.
6 B l T ll C ll i f
Bibliography :1. biomimicry.net2. www.livescience.com3.Photos from Google images.4. www.wikipedia.comp
5. Newspaper clipping from THE TIMES OF INDIA
3.Some future applications 3.Some future applications
having potentialhaving potential