biology - somerville public schools · biology grade 9 prerequisite: none credit value: ... 2009...

Office of Curriculum and Instruction

Biology

G rade 9

Prerequisite: None

C redit Value: 6

ABSTRACT

The Biology course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive up-to-date approach to the study of biology. Students build upon the fundamental biological concepts of life science through the study of topics, such as the biochemical basis of life, comparison and functions of cell structures, maintenance of equilibrium, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, molecular genetics, inheritance patterns, the evolution of life, environmental studies, and classification systems of organisms. The course provides students with the conceptual framework, investigative skills, and heightened concern for the environment necessary for college courses, as well as preparation for the next course in the science sequence. The curriculum is aligned with the course description for the New Jersey Department of Education exit examination in biology.

Adopted by the Somerville Board of Education on September 27, 2011

Biology G rade 9

Month/

Marking Per iod September O ctober/November December January F ebruary

2009 New Jersey Core Cur riculum Content

Standards (NJC C CS)

5.1.12.A.1-3, 5.1.12.B.1-4, 5.1.12.C.1-3, 5.1.12.D.1-3, 5.2.12.A.1-2, 5.2.12.A.6, 5.2.12.B.1-2, 5.3.12.C.1, 5.4.E.1-2, 5.4.F.1-3

5.1.12.A.1-3, 5.1.12.B.1-4, 5.1.12.C.1-3, 5.1.12.D.1-3, 5.3.8.A2, 5.3.12.A.2, 5.3.12.A.6

5.1.12.A.1-3, 5.1.12.B.1-4, 5.1.12.C.1-3, 5.1.12.D.1-3, 5.2.12.A.3, 5.2.12.A.5, 5.2.12.C.1

5.1.12.A.1-3, 5.1.12.B.1-4, 5.1.12.C.1-3, 5.1.12.D.1-3, 5.2.12.A.1, 5.3.1.12.A.1-3, 5.3.8.B.2, 5.3.12.B.2-6

5.1.12.A.1-3, 5.1.12.B.1-4, 5.1.12.C.1-3, 5.1.12.D.1-3, 5.2.12.D.5, 5.3.12.A.5-6, 5.3.12.D.1-3, 5.3.12.E.1-4

Essential Question: What are the requirements for life?

How are the needs of the organism met?

How do substances enter and exit cells?

How are food and nutrients produced and metabolized?

What is the role and significance of the

genetic code? Content: The Biochemical

Basis of Life Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Cells: Structure and Function Homeostasis and

Cell Transport Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Molecular Genetics

Skills and Topics:

compare and contrast heterotrophs and autotrophs, their interdependency, and their position on the trophic continuum for a variety of environments

explain the pH scale as it applies to water, acids, and bases

apply the stereochemistry of carbon compounds forming the molecules of life

compare and contrast organic and inorganic compounds

compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms

explain the structure and function of organelles in eukaryotic cells

examine cells microscopically to identify the location of specific organelles

compare prokaryotic cells for the lack of membrane-bound organelles

examine plant and animal cells microscopically and compare their structure

discuss disease in terms of infection via a vector

review the movement of water through osmosis into and out of cells due to osmotic pressure

describe the states of rigor: turgor, flacidity, and lysis

compare and contrast passive and active transport

apply methods of active transport to cellular processes

differentiate between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle

explain how the adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) molecule stores chemical energy

demonstrate the formation of ATP through the light reactions of photosynthesis

describe the release of energy by the breaking of high energy bonds in the ATP molecule through the Krebs cycle

differentiate between the low yield glycolysis anaerobic metabolism and the high yield Krebs cycle of cellular respiration

compare and contrast the structure and function of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

compare and contrast the functions and interactions of DNA and RNA in protein synthesis

describe the role of DNA in inheritance

diagram and explain the process of replication and transcription

diagram and explain the process of protein synthesis

locate a gene on a chromosome

Biology G rade 9

Month/


Skills and Topics:

describe the general structure and function of the four major biomolecules: o carbohydrates o lipids o proteins o nucleic acids

describe the methods of altering genes into heritable mutations

Integration of Technology:

Internet, Web Quests, wireless laptop computers, SMART Boards, multimedia presentations, video streaming, podcasting

W riting: Open-ended responses, conclusions and analysis of exploratory activities Formative

Assessments: Warm-up activities, exploratory activities, class discussions, student participation, quizzes

Summative Assessments:

Quizzes, tests, authentic assessments, projects, midterm examination

Performance Assessments:

Laboratory reports: o pH of various

household substances using a common vegetable dye

o Exploring the activity of biological catalysts

o Identifying organic compounds in foods

o Food-wise nutritional analysis

Laboratory report: o Comparing animal and

plant cells Project: brochure advertising landmarks in cells and/or biological processes

Laboratory reports: o Osmosis and turgor

pressure o Exploring the role of

osmosis in cystic fibrosis

o Diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane

Laboratory reports: o Examining the rate of

photosynthesis o Observing cellular

respiration

Laboratory reports: o Modeling gene

expression in the lac operon

o Gel electrophoresis o Simulation of protein

synthesis o DNA extraction Report: DNA article summary

Interdisciplinary Connections:

*ELA: RST.11-12.1-10, WHST.11-12.1-10 *Mathematics: A-SSE.1 Arts: 1.3.12.D.5, 1.4.12.A.1 Health/PE: 2.1.12.B.1-3,

*ELA: RST.11-12.1-10, WHST.11-12.1-10 *Mathematics: A-SSE.1 Arts: 1.3.12.D.5, 1.4.12.A.1 Health/PE:



*ELA: RST.11-12.1-10, WHST.11-12.1-10 *Mathematics: A-SSE.1 Arts: 1.3.12.D.5, 1.4.12.A.1 Health/PE: 2.1.12.A.1-2, 2.1.12.C.1

*Laboratory experiments and reports include, but are not limited to, the above list.

Biology G rade 9

Month/



Technology: 8.1.12.A.1, 8.1.12.C.1, 8.1.12.D.3, 8.1.12.E.1, 8.1.12.F.1-2, 8.2.12.B.3, 8.2.12.E.1, 8.2.12.F.2 World Language: 7.1.AL.A.3 Social Studies: 21st Century Life/Careers: 9.1.12.A.1-2, 9.1.12.B.1-3, 9.1.12.C.4-5, 9.1.12.F.2, 9.1.12.F.5-6, 9.3.12.C.6, 9.3.12.C.20-21





21st Century Themes: Global Awareness Civic Literacy

Financial, Economic, Business, and Entrepreneurial Literacy Health Literacy 21st Century Skills: Creativity and Innovation Media Literacy Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

ICT Literacy Communication and Collaboration Information Literacy Life and Career Skills Resources: Towle, A. Modern Biology. (1999). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Careers: Applicable career options are discussed as they arise throughout the science program. Career options include, but are not limited to, the Agriculture,

Food, and Natural Resources Career Cluster; Arts, A/V Technology, and Communications Career Cluster; Education and Training Career Cluster; Health Science Career Cluster; Manufacturing Career Cluster; Marketing Career Cluster; Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Career Cluster.

*2010 Common Core Content Standards: RST: Reading in Science and Technical Subjects WHST: Writing in History, Science, and Technical Subjects SL: Speaking and Listening L: Language N: Real Number System N-VM: Vector and Matrix Quantities G-CO: Congruence A: Algebra A- SSE: Seeing Structure in Expressions G-SRT: Similarity, Right Triangles, and Trigonometry F: Functions A-REI: Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities G-C: Circles G: Geometry F-IF: Interpreting Functions G-GPE: Expressing Geometric Properties with Equations S: Statistics and Probability F-BF: Building Functions S-ID: Interpreting Categorical and Quantitative Data MD: Measurement and Data F-LE: Linear, Quadratic, and Exponential Models S-IC: Making Inferences and Justifying Conclusions N-Q: Quantities F-TF: Trigonometric Functions S-CP: Conditional Probability and the Rules of Probability S-MD: Using Probability to Make Decisions

Biology G rade 9

Month/ Marking Per iod March April May June

2009 New Jersey Core Cur riculum Content

Standards (NJC C CS)

5.1.12.A.1-3, 5.1.12.B.1-4, 5.1.12.C.1-3, 5.1.12.D.1-3, 5.3.12.A.2-6, 5.3.12.D.1-3, 5.3.12.E.1-2

5.1.12.A.1-3, 5.1.12.B.1-4, 5.1.12.C.1-3, 5.1.12.D.1-3, 5.3.12.A1-2, 5.3.12.A4, 5.3.12.B.1, 5.3.12.B.3-6, 5.3.12.D.2-3, 5.3.12.E.1-4, 5.4.A.2, 5.4.A.5, 5.4.G.3-5, 5.4.G.7, 5.4.B.1-3, 5.4.C.2, 5.4.D.1

5.1.12.A.1-3, 5.1.12.B.1-4, 5.1.12.C.1-3, 5.1.12.D.1-3, 5.3.12.B.1, 5.3.12.B3-6, 5.3.12.C.1-2, 5.3.12.E.1-4, 5.4.G.1-7

5.1.12.A.1-3, 5.1.12.B.1-4, 5.1.12.C.1-3, 5.1.12.D.1-3, 5.3.8.A1, 5.3.12.C.1, 5.3.8.E.2, 5.3.12.E.2

Essential Question: How does the cell cycle assure genetic continuity?

How have Earth and life on Earth evolved?

How has Earth changed as a result of human activities?

What are the similarities and differences among organisms?

Content: Cell Division and Heredity The Evolution of Earth and Life on Earth Environmental Studies Classification

Skills and Topics:

compare and contrast the steps involved in mitosis and meiosis

explain how aberrations in the cell cycle can lead to tumor formation

explain how chromosomal mutations can occur and their effects

predict the outcomes of matings using and analyzing Punnett squares

explain how genetic diseases result from mutations in DNA

discuss modern genetic technologies (e.g., human genome project, gene therapy, screens for genetic abnormalities)

describe the model for the evolution of the universe in terms of the Big Bang and expansion of the universe

compare evidence supporting evolution

describe the formation of fossils and how they are used as evidence supporting theories and substantiating events, such as extinctions and modifications

discuss the foundations of the evolutionary theory

describe how the theory of natural selection acts on living things

explain the effects of the environment on evolutionary patterns

distinguish naturally-occurring processes from those believed to have been modified by human interaction or activity (e.g., climate change, threatened and endangered species)

assess the impact of human activities on the cycling of matter and the flow of energy through ecosystems (e.g., ecosystems may change with climactic changes, one or more new species may appear as a result of migration, local evolution)

distinguish between the characteristics used to classify organisms into kingdoms and domains

delineate the hierarchy of modern taxonomic systems

apply characteristics to organisms and categorize between the major phyla of animals and divisions of plants

use a dichotomous key to classify organisms

Biology G rade 9

Month/

Marking Per iod March April May June

Skills and Topics:

use scientific, economic, and other data to assess environmental risks and benefits associated with societal activity (e.g., organisms cause changes in the environment which are beneficial or detrimental to indigenous species)

Integration of Technology:

Internet, Web Quests, wireless laptop computers, SMART Boards, multimedia presentations, video streaming, podcasting

W riting: Open-ended responses, conclusions and analysis of exploratory activities Formative

Assessments: Warm-up activities, exploratory activities, class discussions, student participation, quizzes

Summative Assessments:

Quizzes, tests, authentic assessments, projects, final examination

Performance Assessments:

Laboratory reports: o Meiosis: Down Syndrome o Chromosome study o Karyotypes o genetics o Pedigree analysis o Chromosome mapping o Detecting cytogenetic

abnormalities Project: genetic diseases Reports

Laboratory reports: o Making microspheres o Fossils o Modeling natural selection o Relating amino acid

sequences to evolutionary relationships

o Awesome adaptations o Primate evolution o

( survival of the fittest )

Laboratory reports: o Recycling paper o Testing water and soil Warm-up activities Project: display of climactic changes, decline of the area of the ozone layer, build-up of greenhouse gases, and other selected environmental indicators in a variety of formats proposing human and technological solutions

Laboratory reports: o Using and formulation

dichotomous keys o Observing habitat selection o Biome maps

Biology G rade 9

Month/

Marking Per iod March April May June


*ELA: RST.11-12.1-10, WHST.11-12.1-10 *Mathematics: N-Q.1-2, A-SSE.1-2, A-CED.1-2, A-REI.1-3 Science: Arts: 1.3.12.D.5, 1.4.12.A.1 Health/PE: 2.1.12.C.2, 2.2.12.E.1-2 Technology: 8.1.12.A.1, 8.1.12.C.1, 8.1.12.D.3, 8.1.12.E.1, 8.1.12.F.1-2, 8.2.12.B.3, 8.2.12.E.1, 8.2.12.F.2 World Language: 7.1.AL.A.3 Social Studies: 6.2.12.D.2.d-e 21st Century Life/Careers: 9.1.12.A.1-2, 9.1.12.B.1-3, 9.1.12.C.4-5, 9.1.12.F.2, 9.1.12.F.5-6, 9.3.12.C.6, 9.3.12.C.20-21

*ELA: RST.11-12.1-10, WHST.11-12.1-10 *Mathematics: A-SSE.1, F-IF.4-5, F-LE.1-5 Science: Arts: 1.3.12.D.5, 1.4.12.A.1 Health/PE: Technology: 8.1.12.A.1, 8.1.12.C.1, 8.1.12.D.3, 8.1.12.E.1, 8.1.12.F.1-2, 8.2.12.B.3, 8.2.12.E.1, 8.2.12.F.2 World Language: 7.1.AL.A.3 Social Studies: 21st Century Life/Careers: 9.1.12.A.1-2, 9.1.12.B.1-3, 9.1.12.C.4-5, 9.1.12.F.2, 9.1.12.F.5-6, 9.3.12.C.6, 9.3.12.C.20-21

*ELA: RST.11-12.1-10, WHST.11-12.1-10 *Mathematics: N-Q.1-2, A-SSE.1-2, A-CED.1-2, A-REI.1-3, F-LE.1-5 Science: Arts: 1.3.12.D.5, 1.4.12.A.1 Health/PE: Technology: 8.1.12.A.1, 8.1.12.C.1, 8.1.12.D.3, 8.1.12.E.1, 8.1.12.F.1-2, 8.2.12.B.3, 8.2.12.E.1, 8.2.12.F.2 World Language: 7.1.AL.A.3 Social Studies: 6.1.12.C.3.a-b, 6.1.12.B.5.a-b, 6.1.12.B.6.b, 6.1.12.B.13.b, 6.1.12.B.14.c, 6.1.12.B.16.a, 6.2.12.B.3.b, 6.2.12.C.4.c, 6.2.12.C.5.g, 6.2.12.B.6.a 21st Century Life/Careers: 9.1.12.A.1-2, 9.1.12.B.1-3, 9.1.12.C.4-5, 9.1.12.F.2, 9.1.12.F.5-6, 9.3.12.C.6, 9.3.12.C.20-21

*ELA: RST.11-12.1-10, WHST.11-12.1-10 *Mathematics: A-SSE.1 Science: Arts: 1.3.12.D.5, 1.4.12.A.1 Health/PE: Technology: 8.1.12.A.1, 8.1.12.C.1, 8.1.12.D.3, 8.1.12.E.1, 8.1.12.F.1-2, 8.2.12.B.3, 8.2.12.E.1, 8.2.12.F.2 World Language: 7.1.AL.A.3 Social Studies: 21st Century Life/Careers: 9.1.12.A.1-2, 9.1.12.B.1-3, 9.1.12.C.4-5, 9.1.12.F.2, 9.1.12.F.5-6, 9.3.12.C.6, 9.3.12.C.20-21

21st Century Themes: Global Awareness Civic Literacy

Financial, Economic, Business, and Entrepreneurial Literacy Health Literacy 21st Century Skills: Creativity and Innovation Media Literacy Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

ICT Literacy Communication and Collaboration Information Literacy Life and Career Skills Resources: www.wardsci.com, www.adsabs.harvard.edu, www.nasa.gov/, Towle, A. Modern Biology. (1999). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Careers: Applicable career options are discussed as they arise throughout the science program. Career options include, but are not limited to, the Agriculture,

Food, and Natural Resources Career Cluster; Arts, A/V Technology, and Communications Career Cluster; Education and Training Career Cluster; Health Science Career Cluster; Manufacturing Career Cluster; Marketing Career Cluster; Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Career Cluster.

http://www.wardsci.com/

http://www.adsabs.harvard.edu/

http://www.nasa.gov/

*2010 Common Core Content Standards: RST: Reading in Science and Technical Subjects WHST: Writing in History, Science, and Technical Subjects SL: Speaking and Listening L: Language N: Real Number System N-VM: Vector and Matrix Quantities G-CO: Congruence A: Algebra A- SSE: Seeing Structure in Expressions G-SRT: Similarity, Right Triangles, and Trigonometry F: Functions A-REI: Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities G-C: Circles G: Geometry F-IF: Interpreting Functions G-GPE: Expressing Geometric Properties with Equations S: Statistics and Probability F-BF: Building Functions S-ID: Interpreting Categorical and Quantitative Data MD: Measurement and Data F-LE: Linear, Quadratic, and Exponential Models S-IC: Making Inferences and Justifying Conclusions N-Q: Quantities F-TF: Trigonometric Functions S-CP: Conditional Probability and the Rules of Probability S-MD: Using Probability to Make Decisions

Biology Course Requirements

G rade: 9 Prerequisite: None C redit Value: 6 L ength of Course: Academic Year Course Description The Biology course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive up-to-date approach to the study of biology. Students build upon the fundamental biological concepts of life science through the study of topics, such as the biochemical basis of life, comparison and functions of cell structures, maintenance of equilibrium, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, molecular genetics, inheritance patterns, the evolution of life, environmental studies, and classification systems of organisms. The Biology course provides students with the conceptual framework, investigative skills, and heightened concern for the environment necessary for college courses, as well as preparation for the next course in the science sequence. The curriculum is aligned with the course description for the New Jersey Department of Education exit examination in biology. Course Content This course will consist of the following units of study:

The Biochemical Basis of Life Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic and Cells: Structure and Function Homeostasis and Cell Transport Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Molecular Genetics Cell Division and Heredity The Evolution of Earth and Life on Earth Environmental Studies Classification

Course Objectives The student will demonstrate the ability to answer in detail the following essential questions:

What are the requirements for Life? How are the needs of the organism met? How do substances enter and exit cells? How are food and nutrients produced and metabolized? What is the role and significance of the genetic code? How does the cell cycle assure genetic continuity? How have Earth and life on Earth evolved?

Course Objectives (continued)

How has Earth changed as a result of human activities? What are the similarities and differences among organisms? What are the post-graduation and/or career options that apply to the course content?

Evaluation Process A final average of 65% or better is required to be awarded course credit. Throughout the length of this course, students may be evaluated on the basis of, but not limited to:

Formative Assessments, such as writing prompts, journals, and portfolios Summative Assessments, such as quizzes, tests, and midterm and final examinations Performance Assessments, such as projects and presentations Technology-based Applications, such as electronic portfolios, Web Quests, ThinkQuest,

and podcasting Class Participation Homework

Specific weights will be determined by course and level.

Biology Student Agreement

ST UD E N T N A M E : Last Name First Name G R A D E :

My signature below indicates that I have received a copy of the Somerville Public Schools Course Requirements for Biology. I acknowledge my responsibility to read and understand all of the information contained in the Biology Course Requirements information and syllabus packet.

Student Signature Date Note: Please share the course requirements for Biology with your parents.

biology - somerville public schools · biology grade 9 prerequisite: none credit value: ... 2009...

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