Centre of Expertise Biobased EconomyResearch departmentLectoraat Biobased Energy

Johan Raap - 2018

Biomass, a novel source for a new economy.Towards innovation in a triple helix.In plaats van direct naar CO2, via CH4 naar CO2

Consistency risks

Create a new lens …

4

BIOBASED PYRAMID AND ADJACENT AREAS

Soil

Water

Environment

From past till today

P2 R2

From Pollution Prevention

towards Resource Recovery

COD from energy destruction by adding energy towards

CH4 production and CH4 utilisation

NPKS different approaches

2010 11 03 Veluwe + Dommel + div 7

Thesis

Water discharge to sewerage1) with COD content > 2 g/l2)3)4)5), must be observed from an energy point of view (so sustainable) as an offence.

1) In casu discharge to aerobic treatment

2) As easy degradable COD

3) Depending on T and available rest heat

4) A flux of at least 2 ton COD/day

5) Ex COD for conventional N-removal = 6 × Kj-N

2010 11 03 Veluwe + Dommel + div 8

1 kg COD (as byproduct) in anaerobic conversion delivers 350 l CH4 = 12,6 MJ (in case of full Biogas utilization

1 kg COD discharge to sewerage can give max 30 % = 120 l CH4 = 4 MJ useful energy

- The efficiency of energy utilisation is max 80 % 3,2 MJ

- Due to aeration1) it also costs ca. 1,0 MJe (for ca. 0,7 kg COD oxidation)

- As electricity is often not from sustainable source, we have to multiply with 2,5 2,5 MJ primary energy2).

- Energy surplus is 3,2 – 2,5 = 0,7 MJ per kg COD

Conclusion, From an energy point of view its better to convert rest-COD by anaerobic conversion at source

1) In CAS aeration costs ca. 1,5 MJe per kg dTOD

2) Production of electricity is circa 0,4 MJe/MJ primary energy

Thesis (energetic potential)

2010 11 03 Veluwe + Dommel + div 9

Thesis's

• Governments and government-driven organizations must stay away from subsidies as MEP and SDE

• Levy on direct discharge should be abandoned, especially in view of good licensing in EWFD.

• 'Zero discharge' is a fashion terminology. It is all about the ecological approach.

• Also, water reuse is sometimes a fashion terminology. Evaluation should be based on financial / energy / environmental arguments.

Exemple: la coopération entre l'industrie et le traitement des eaux usées municipales autour de Strasbourg. Les eaux usées provenant de la production de choucroute, campagne 140.000 eh.

Anaerobie 140.000 eh jus de choucroute

Fermentation de graisse et les boues (primaire et secondaire)

traitement des eaux usées municipales60.000 eh

Beispiel Zusammenarbeit zwischen Industrie und Kommunaler Abwasseraufbereitung, Olburgen (NL): Prozess-wasser von Kartoffel Verarbeitung.

Kommunales wasser 90.000 eg20.000 m3/Tagmax 6000 m3/h

Vergärung schlamm (Primär und Sekundär) Anaerobie 20 ton CSB/Tag

Kartoffel Prozess-wasserKonstant ca. 125 m3/h

Anammox 1-step 1000 kg N/Tag

Pilot Algen Produktion 2011-2012

P struvite Produktion 200 kg P/Tag

Gereinigtes und gemischtes Biogas zur Gasmotor und zur Kartoffel werk

Austausch effluentAnammox und ZentratEntwässerung

• Education can function as a lever for the Green or Biobasedor Circular Economy.

• New knowledge and skills to be developed "together" and transferred.

• Technical and vocational training can provide the necessary skills and tools.

thesis

It is an illusion to expect that consumers could influence the direction of sustainable and environmentally friendly production, as long as environmental effects are not included in market-prices.

That is a task of government (EU).

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Composite packaging material

Action to be taken !

Separation of plastic and paper.The producer and retail puts responsibility to the consumer, but does he/she take that responsibility ?

Beoordeling effect Anaerobie (MR)- maak CZV balans- beoordeel ortho-N + ortho-P; geen Totaal !

BZV is lastig, vooral ook omdatanaerobie ophogere T

La demande en oxygèneà 20 oC

DCO dure, DCO non-biodégradable, DCO récalcitranteParfois 20 mg/l, parfois 500

DBO 20/5

DBO 20/20= 1,46·DBO 20/5

DBO 20/∞

DCOau début

DCO = Demande Chimique en Oxygène

Bridge the gap between inventions and innovations

Raap..

and...the beet goes on

Thanks for your attention