biomass energy isa
TRANSCRIPT
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1 . M U H AM M AD I SA BI N RAH M AN
(552 012 0938 1)
2. MOHD KHAIRUL AZRAN AZAINI
BI N ABD RAH I M
(552 032 09395)
3. NU RZ AN J E FRY (55201209377)
4. MUHAMMAD HAFIZ BIN SAHRUM
(552 012 092 37 )
Biomass
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INTRODUCTION
All organic matter is known as biomass
the energy released from biomass when it iseaten, burnt or converted into fuels is calledbiomass energy.
Biomass energy technologies produce an array ofproducts including electricity, liquid, solid andgaseous fuels, heat and chemicals. Biomass andwaste are the only renewable forms of energythat compete directly with fossil fuels becausethey are both solid fuels and they share similarconversion processes.
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BIOGAS
Biogas is the product of organic material
decomposition, composed mainly ofmethane
and carbon dioxide. Biogas is produced in
large quantities in landfill sites, and it has
potential as a fuel to generate electricity or to
provide process heat.
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SOLID BIO-FUEL
Solid biofuels are solid RES from living
organism.
They are to be distinguished from solid fossil
fuels which are also of biological origin but
non-renewable.
Solid bio-fuels include wood, straw energy
crops and organic wastes
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LIQUID BIO-FUELS
Liquid biofuel are liquid RES converted from organicmaterial.
Liquid biofuels are transport fuels, primarily bio-diesel
bio-ethanol ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), which areprocessed from agricultural crops and other renewablefeed stock.
Other liquid bio fuel are bio methanol methyl tertiary
butyl ether (mtbe) and bio oil or pyrolysis oil. This two alcohols can be prepared form agricultural
residues, wood and industrial waste.
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ENERGY CROPS
Selected plants cultivated to provide biomass
that can be used as a fuel or be converted into
other fuels, or energy products.
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GASIFICATION
a process of converting organic materials intocarbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H), carbondioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) through really
high temperatures. converts organic or fossil based carbonaceous
materials into carbon monoxide, hydrogen andcarbon dioxide.
Produced syngas, that mainly consists of carbonmonoxide and hydrogen.
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GASIFIER (GASIFICATION)
In a gasifier, the carbonaceous material undergoesseveral different processes :
1. Dehydration or drying process occurs at around 100C.
2. Pyrolysisprocess occurs at around 200-300C.
3. Combustion process occurs as the volatile products andsome of the char reacts with oxygen to primarily formcarbon dioxide and small amounts of carbon monoxide,which provides heat for the subsequent gasification
reactions.4. The gasification process occurs as the char reacts with
carbon and steam to produce carbon monoxide andhydrogen, via the reaction
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PYROLYSIS
Pyrolysis is a thermochemical decomposition
of organic material at elevated temperatures
without the participation of oxygen.
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Mechanism
Complex process consecutive heterogeneousand homogeneous.
Involved:
Devolatilization (pyrolysis) Gasification
Char combustion
Gas-phase oxidation
COMBUSTION
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Solid fuel combustion
Only fuel gases burn and release heat. Liquid or solid dont burn themselves
Liquid or solid consume heat in drying andvolatilization process to be chemically convertedinto fuel gas
Main fuel intermediate
Volatile hydrocarbon
Energy rich organic molecules Carbon monoxide
Hydrogen
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Mechanism
High temperature heat flux applied.
reacting the material at high temperatures
without combustion, with a controlled
amount of oxygen and/or steam.
Oxidizing agent by oxygen, carbon dioxide and
water vapor
To convert carbon and hydrogen to fuel
intermediate
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Mechanism
Convert biomass into
Gases
Volatile liquid
Carbon rich solid (char) Phases of wood combustion
I. Heating and drying
II. Thermal decomposition
III. Volatile matter combustion
IV. Char combustion
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Malaysia has abundant biomass waste resources coming
mainly from its palm oil, wood and agro-industries.
A total of about 665 MW capacity can be expected if the
estimated overall potential of about 20.8 million tons of
biomass residues. Biomass fuels currently account for about 16% of the
energy consumption in the country.
Biomass Energy In Malaysia
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Pros Cons
Theoretically inexhaustible fuel
source
An expensive source
When direct combustion of plantmass is not used to generate energy
Land used for energy crops maybe indemand for other purposes
Growing Biomass crops produce
oxygen and use up carbon dioxide
Additional work is needed in areas
such as harvesting methods
Biomass energy is carbon cycle
neutral
Initial costs are high compared with
traditional gas or oil installations
Available throughout the world Fuel needs to be kept dry if they are
to burn cleanly and efficiently
The use of waste materials reduce
landfill disposal and makes mores ace for ever thin else
Could contribute a great deal to
global warming and particulateollution if directl burned
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i. Biomass is one of the renewable energy sources that is
capable of making a large contribution to the worlds futureenergy supply.
ii. Land availability for biomass production should not be a
bottleneck.
iii. Land surfaces of 400-700 million hectares were used for
biomass production for energy about halfway the next
century.
iv. Making use of huge areas of unproductive degraded lands.
v. Latin America, Africa, Asia and to a lesser extent Eastern
Europe and North America represent a large potential for
biomass production.
Conclusion