biomass powerpoint presentation

Energy Generation From Energy Generation From Thermo-Chemical Thermo-Chemical

conversion of Biomassconversion of Biomass

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Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms. In the context of biomass for energy this is often

used to mean plant based material, but biomass can equally apply to both animal and

vegetable derived material.

What is Biomass ?

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Essentially, biomass is stored solar energy which man can convert to electricity, fuel and heat. Through photosynthesis, the energy from

the sun is stored in the chemical relations of the plant material. Typically, biomass energy comes from three sources: agricultural crop

residues, municipal and industrial waste, and energy plantations

Examples of this energy source include: • Fast growing trees and grasses

• Agricultural residues like used vegetable oils, or corn

• Wood waste like paper trash, yard clippings, sawdust, or wood chips

• Methane that is captured from landfills, livestock, and municipal waste water

treatment.

CONTD.

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Why is there a need to use Biomass ?

Environmental

Biomass - Wood Renewable Energy Cycle

Political

Commercial

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Conversion Technologies

Thermal conversion

Combustion

Combustion is the process with which everyone is familiar by which flammable materials are allowed to burn in the presence of air or oxygen with the release of heat.

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CONTD.

Pyrolysis is the precursor to gasification, and takes place as part of both gasification and combustion. It consists of thermal decomposition in the absence of oxygen. It is essentially based on a long established process, being the basis of charcoal burning.

Pyrolysis

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Gasification

The newest method for generating electricity is

gasification. This method captures 65-70% of the energy present in solid

fuels by converting it first to combustible gases. These gases are then burnt as we currently burn natural gas, and

create energy.

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Energy crops and plants industry are not established!

Straw from agriculture 650 Mton, 50% can be

used as energy,210 MTCE

Forest industry and timber work waste:

270Mton, 30% can be used as energy, 50MTCEBiogas from livestock excreta and waste water 100MTCE

Municipal solid waste 155 Mton, about 25MTCE

Biomass Energy Potential:385 MTCE

1.Biomass resources in China

Promote rural economy

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1.1 Agricultural waste The amount of straw that can be utilized as

modern energy increased by 1~2% every year. 60% of the total amount can be used as energy. After 2030, about 400~500 mil. tons of straw can

be used as energy, 200~300 M TCE. The consumption of straw for different purposes(2004)

Unit: million tons

Total 546

Consumption Potential as fuel

Return to soil Feedstuff

Paper making

290

Burned as fuel The rest

82 153 21 152 138Power generation is the most efficient technology before the maturation of liquefaction technologies


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1.2 Forestry residues

125 million tons71.66 M TCE

Logging and timber processing77.60M tons44.23 MTCE

Firewood48.13 M tons27.43 M TCE

The preferential option for forestry residues should be raw materials for industries, then be used as fuel


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1.3 Livestock excreta It is estimated that by the year of 2010 and 2020, the

excreta yield will be 2.5 and 4billion tons. The collectable resource will be 180 and 290 M TCE

Complex composition and high water content

Low energy utilization Efficiency

Environmental protection requirement


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1.4 Industrial organic wastes 50 billion m3 biogas can be produced from

food processing wastes– 35 MTCE

1.5 Municipal solid waste MSW production increased by 8% each year.

More than 80% of the total was treated by landfill.

Average calorific value of MSW : 4~5 MJ/kg According to the data of 2004 (150 M tons)—

25 M TCE. If 10% used for energy—2.5 M TCE


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1.5 Waste Vegetable Oil & Tallow

Waste oil and fat1 million tons/year

Cottonseed Oil1 million tons/year of cottonseed oil can be collected for biodiesel

production

1.6 million tons of cottonseed oil

9 million tons of cottonseed

4.86 million tons/year cotton production

Biodiesel: 2 million tons/year


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1.6 Energy crops Marginal Land Availability in China

32-75 million ha.

Set-aside land:7.34~9.37 million ha.

Energy crops

Cropland not in use in wintertime: -8.66 million ha.Set aside woodland:

- 16~57 million ha.Woody crops

Existing oil plant forest3.43 million ha.Biodiesel resource


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Estimation: Energy crops production

Set-aside land7.34~9.37 million ha.

Oil plant

Cropland not in use in wintertime -8.66 million ha.

9.53 MTCE/yr


Energy Crops Production Ethanol equivalence PotentialProductivity (ton/ ha) (ton/ ha) (MTCE/ yr)

Sweetsorghum

40%60-80(haulm)

3-5(grain) 4-6 18.35

Sweetpotato 20% 15-20 2-3 3.67

Cassava20% 20-30 4-6 7.34

Sugar cane10% 60-70 4-6 3.67

Total 33.03

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Estimation: Woody crops

Woody oil plant 4.1 million ha.

.Woody crops8.9 million ha.

2010: 800 thousand ha. of woody oil plant

2020: 13 million ha. of woody plant, 54 million tons dry material

35 million TCE/yr

6.7 million tons of biodiesel


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Biomass resource potential evaluation: MTCEItem 2006 2010 2020 2030 2050

Existing biomass resource 500 500 500 500 500Utilized 220 200 180 150 100

Available 280 300 320 350 400Increment of biomass resource 0 30 230 470 580

Agriculture and forest industy 20 140 300 400Energy crops 10 40 70 80

Marginal land planting 0 50 100 100Total 500 530 730 970 1080

Practically Available 280 330 550 820 980


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a. Waste material Large amount-clean energy

b. Energy crops Scale-up

c. Non-edible species Food security- Marginal land for production

The potential biomass development capacity:about 1 billion TCE

Types of Biomass Fundamentals

Marginal land development-Protect existing cropland, forest and grassland

Development of energy crop agriculture and energy forest industry-enlarge the supply of biomass resource

Priority: Resource utilization and environmental protection


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AAPower generation

BBLiquid fuel

CCGas fuel

DDPelletized fuel

Types of Biomass Energy

Utilization

2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization

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Characteristics of Biomass utilization: About 14% of the primary energy consumption in the

world: Outside China: Power generation>Fuel ethanol>Biodiesel>Industrial biogas In China: Household biogas>Fuel ethanol>others including power

generation The motivation differences: Developed countries: CO2 emission reduction, environmental

protection; Developing countries: Energy supplements, promote

agriculture development


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2. Status of Biomass Energy UtilizationM

atur

ity o

f tec

hono

lgy

Market competition force

High subsidy technologies

Low subsidy technologies

Stage II

Stage I Stage IV

Stage III

Biodiesel from oil plants

Bioethanol from sugar and starch Pr

ofita

ble

poin

t

Biodiesel from waste oil

PelletingBiogas

H2 from biomass

Bioethanol from cellulose Synfuel from

gasification

Gsification power generation

Direct combustion power generation

Polygeneration utilization

CHP Engineering demonstration

New technologies need to be explored

Advanced technologies

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There stages of biomass utilization technology: Commercialized technologies: High subsidy technologies: Biodiesel from oil plants, bioethanol from

sugar and starch Low subsidy technologies: Biogas, pelleting, direct combustion power

generation Engineering demonstration Fuel ethanol from cellulose, gasification power generation, synfuel from

gasification, direct liquefaction, combined cooling-heating-power generation(CHP);

Technologies under development Algae utilization, biosynthesis, H2 from biomass Technologies need to be explored Polygeneration, et al.


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2. Status of Biomass Energy UtilizationThe trend of biomass energy utilization

Mat

urity

of t

echo

nolg

y

Fuel ethanol

2010 2020

Pelleting

Biogas

Combustion power

generation

Indirect liquefaction

Gasification power

generation

Biodiesel from plant oil

Bioethanol from cellulose

Direct liquefaction

H2 from biomass

Engi

neer

ing

dem

onst

ratio

nIn

dust

ry

dem

onst

ratio

nCo

mm

erci

aliza

tion

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In the near future

Just started Mainly from

corn

Status in China

Marginal land for the production of cassava,

sweet sorghum

Mid to long term direction

Promote the development of fuel ethanol from cellulose

Bio-ethanol


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Trend of biomass power generationDevelopments of different kinds of technologyCHP and comprehensive utilizationSmall to medium scale and stand alone power system


At present, power generation is still the main technology for biomass waste utilization

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2. Status of Biomass Energy UtilizationFactors affect the generation capacity Factors Direct

combustionGasification Remarks

Generation eff. >25MW >6MW Part of 12MW direct combustioncan also use high parametergeneration system

Biomass cost <10MW <10MW <60,000ton/yrInvestment&management

>6MW >3MW

6MW-10MW, the bigger the better;The capacity for direct combustion: 6-12MWThe capacity for gasification(BIGCC): 4-12MW;

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Resource cultivation and exploitation

Promote the development of

liquid fuel- substitution of

fossil fuel

Clean fuel for rural area : Fuel gas and solid fuel

Power generation, comprehensive utilization

Basic principles for the energy utilization of biomass

3.Targets of R&D in China

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In the near future(2010):Biomass power generation: 600MWBiomass liquid fuel: 2 million ton/yr3~5% of agriculture and forestry waste can be used

Mid-term target(2020)Biomass power generation: 3000MWBiomass liquid fuel: 15 million ton/yr15~20% of agriculture and forestry waste can be used

Mid-term target(2030)Biomass power generation: 5000MWBiomass liquid fuel: 50 million ton/yr30~40% of agriculture and forestry waste can be used

3.Targets of R&DM

i ssi on

s of d

eve lo

p men

t

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3.Targets of R&D Direction of Development

Development of Resources: Short to mid-term: mainly agriculture and forestry waste; Give

attention to energy crops and energy plants； Long term: Mainly energy agriculture and energy forestry; Give

attention to new resources, such as energy algae…..

Route of Technology Development: Short to mid-term: Biogas, pelleting, fuel ethanol, biodiesel,

power generation, CHP…. Mid to long term: Synfuel from gasification, ethanol from

cellulose, biochemical engineering; Long term: Algae technology, ocean biomass, H2 production…

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Component separation

Non-edible oil & fat

Hydrolysis

Pretreatment

Fermentation

Esterify

Pyrolysis & catalytic cracking

Gasification

Product separation

Refining

Heat & Power

Liquid fuel

Chemicals

CH4/H2

Power

Synthesis

Combustion

Residue

Separation

Microbe

Gas fuelNon-edible sugar and

starch

Cellulose

Summary of technologies

4.Technology Road Maps

High moisture content biomass

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EtheneAcetic acid

Heat/Power

SiO2

Fertilizer

Technologies for bio-conversionTechnologies for bio-conversion

Feedingstuff

Straw & sugar crops

EthanolButanol……H2

CH4

Pre-

trea

tmen

t

Hy d

roly

sis

Sepa

ratio

n &

C

once

ntra

ting

Che

mi c

al

con v

e rsi

o n

Com

bust

ion

Residue

Cellulose enzyme

Residue

Drying

Bacteria reconstruction

Micro-algaeSt

eppe

d Fe

rmen

tatio

nSy

nchr

o fe

rmen

tatio

n


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Road Map for Biomass Bio-ConversionRoad Map for Biomass Bio-Conversion

DemonstrationPilot scale IndustrializationExplorationNearly zero

emissionLarge scale application

Lar

ge sc

ale

high

-gra

de

clea

n fu

el a

pplic

atio

n

Pretreatment

Residue combustion tech

Cellulose fermentation fuel ethanol 3000t/Y

Cellulose ethanol 10000t/Y

SiO2 from ash Coupled Vaporized tech.

Solid state fermation

Large scale application Cellulose enzyme

solid state fermentation

2005 2010 2015 2020

Bench scale H2 from micro-algae

H2 from micro-algae:

demonstration

Genetic tech. for bacteria cultivatio

Large scale bio-gas

applicationCoupled tech. for

CH4/H2 production100M3 CH4/H2 Demonstration

Continuous fermentation for

biogas

Large scale biogas10000M3


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Soli d

bi o

mas

s

Pyrolysis liquefaction

Catalytic de-oxygen liquefaction

Bio-oil

Fuel gas

Separation Chemicals

Chemical modulation

Boiler Fuel

Catalytic synthesis

Combustion

Diesel

Gasoline

Heat & Power

Methanol

Technologies for solid biomass thermal-Technologies for solid biomass thermal-chemical conversionchemical conversion

Fractionation

DME

CH4Gasification H2

Syngas

Reforming

RefiningVehicle fuel


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Road Map for biomass thermal chemical conversion

Advanced gasificaiton

Gas refinery

Demonstration >3000t/a

Indirect liquefation>10000t/a

Pilot scale1000t/a

Syngas synthesis >3000t/a

2007 2010 2015 2020 Industrialization of

BIGCCBIGCC Large scale application

CO2 rich synthesis

Pilot scale 1000t/a

1000t/aSelectivity

liquefaction

Bio-oil separation & refinery 1000t/a

3000t/a Direct liquefaction>10000t/a

200t/a




Lar

ge sc

ale

biom

ass e

nerg

y ap

plic

atio

n

35

Lipi

d ab

stra

ctio

n

Feedingstuff

Glycol ……

Oil

plan

t &

alga

e

Oth

er li

pid

High value conversion

Esterification

acetone

Chemicals Enzyme

Sepa

rati o

n

Catalyst

Fertilizer

High value conversion Medicine

……

Technologies for biodiesel

BiodieselLipid

Residue

Glycerin


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Continuous reaction

Residue high value conversion

Pilot plant 3000t/Y 30000t/Y

Medicine component abstraction

Pilot scale comprehensive

utilization

500t/YLarge scale

polygeneration process

Glycerin high value conversion

2005 2010 2015 2020

Magnetism nano-catalytic reaction

Road Map for Biodiesel




Lar

ge sc

ale

high

gra

de li

quid

fuel

ap

plic

atio

n

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biomass powerpoint presentation

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