biomaterials
TRANSCRIPT
What are biomaterials???
Definition
• Materials-biocompatible-used to treat or replace the function of bodily tissues or organs.
• Spare parts for use in human body to improve, restore and measure the physical functions and to enhance survival and quality of life.
Biocompatibility
The acceptance of an artificial implant by the surrounding tissues and by the body as a whole.
What is implant???
Role of Biomaterials
Stems from the inability to treat many diseases, injuries and conditions with other therapies or procedures.
IMPLANTS:
Biomaterial structures used to replace, support or enhance a biological structure.
Properties• Biologically inert• Biocompatible• Non allergic• Non viable• Non toxic• Long term replacement must not be
biodegradable.
Performance of biomaterials
Probability of failure of an implant,
r=1-f
r-reliability,f-numerical value.
For multiple modes of failure,
r1=(1-f1), r2=(1-f2),r3=(1-f3),…….
rt=r1*r2*r3*……..rn
CLASSIFICATIONClassification
Ex Merits Demerits Applications
Polymeric Nylon,Si,rubber etc Resilient, easy to fabricate
Not strong, deforms with time and may degrade.
Blood and soln bags, disposal syringes, dialysis devices
Metallic Alloys of Ti,Co,Cr,stainless steel etc
Strong, tough, ductile
Less biocompatibility, may corrode
Bone and joint replacements, surgical instruments,Dental root implants, cardio vascular devices, heart valves.
ceramics Alumina, Zirconia ,Silicone nitrides ,Carbon etc.
Very biocompatible, inert
Brittle , not resilient
Dentistry , orthopedic implants.
composite Carbon-carbon, fiber reinforced bone cement etc.
Strong ,tailor-made
Difficult to fabricate
Joint implants,heart valves.
Applications
Problem Area Examples
To replace diseased or damaged part
Heart, artificial hip joint, kidney dialysis
In healing Sutures, bone plates, drug release
To improve function Cardiac pacemaker, intraocular lens
To correct functional abnormality Spinal rod, artificial tissues
To correct cosmetic problem Facial reconstruction
In diagnosis Probes and catheters
In treatment Catheters, drains
Dental Dental implants
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