biomedical electronics

8/11/2019 bioMedical Electronics

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MEDICALELECTRONICS

PRESENTED BY

P.SUBATHRA DEVI,AP/ECE


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WHAT?

A branch of electronics

Electronic instruments and equipment

are used

Design concepts to medicine and

biology for healthcare purposes

Application of Engineering principles

Seeks to close the gap between

Engineeringand Medicine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering


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WHY?

Electronic devices are increasinglybeing seen in the field of medicine.

For the better service of patients not

only in hospitals but also outside thehospitals.

For advance healthcare treatment,

including diagnosis, monitoring, andtherapy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_diagnosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_monitorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_monitorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_diagnosis


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For eg:

Ultrasound representation of

Urinary bladder
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_bladderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_bladder


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Components - Medical Instrumentation

system

Display

Recorder

Signal

conditioner

Measurand

Sensor

Input Output


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Measurand (Physical quantities):

Position, displacement

Temperature,pressure

Sensor:

is a device that detects a change in a

physical stimulus and turns it into a signal

which can be measured or recorded

Signal conditioning:

Amplifying,waveshaping,filtering,

rectifying,

Display & Recorder:

Oscilloscope,ECG,ERG,EMG,etc.


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Common medical measurands


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Bioelectric Signals

ECG -Electro-Cardiogram, Heart activity

EMG -Electro-Myogram, Muscle

movement

EOG -Electro-Oculogram, Eye movement

EEG -Electro-Encephalogram, Electrical

activity along the scalp


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ECG measurement

Right arm, Left arm, Right Leg, LeftLeg

Any three Electrodes will be active

Lead I

Lead II

Lead III

Einthoven Triangle


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ECG Electrocardiogram


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ECG measurement


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ECG applications

Diagnostics

Functional analysis

Implants (pace maker) Biofeedback (Heart rate variability,HRV)

Monitoring


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EMG Electromyogram

EMG surface (glue-) electrodes EMG - signal (up to 3mV, 1kHz)


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EMG applications

Rehabilitation

Functional analysis Prothetics

Orthesis

Biomechanics


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EOG Electrooculogram

Eye movements to the left and right


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EOG applications

Diagnostics

Functional analysis Human Computer Interfaces


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EEG Electroencephalogram

EEG Electrode cap locations ofthe 10/20 system


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EEG Analysis

EEG range is classified as

Delta0.5 to 4 Hz

Theta4-8 Hz

Alpha8-13 Hz

Beta13-22 Hz

Gamma22-30 Hz


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EEG applications

Diagnostics (Epilepsy, Oncology, ..)

Sleep Analysis

Human Computer Interfaces

Pharmacology

Intensive Care, Monitoring


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Other Bioelectrical signals

Apexcardiograph

Ballistocardiograph

Electroretinograph

Vectorcardiograph


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Electrode & electrode paste

To pickup the electrical signals of thebody

Electrode paste is used to have a firm

contact between body & electrode. Types:

Based on the surface where we have

to get the bioelectrical signal.


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Needle electrode

To record the nerves action potentials.

Insulated metal wire is bent at one end

& is inserted through the lumen of the

needle.


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Surface electrode

To sense EEG & EMG

Types: Metal plate, suction cup,

Adhesive tape


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Surface electrodes

Vagina / rectal electrodes


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Depth electrode

To study the electrical activities ofneuron

To inject medicines into brain.

To measure oxygen tension.


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Multipoint & Floating electode

Contains nearly 1000 fine activecontact pins

The metal does not contact subject

directly.


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Other Electrodes:

Singe disk gold

plated electrodesEar clip electrode


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Other Electrodes:

PH Electrode

PCO2 Electrode

PO2 Electrode

Microelectrode

1.Metallic Micro electrode

2.Non-Metallic Microelectrode


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Components

Amplifiers Filters

Rectifiers

Transformers Oscillators

ADC

DAC

Timing circuits

Buffer

Multiplexer


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Defibrillators

For life-threatening cardiacdysrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation

Electrical energy to the heart with a

device called a defibrillatorAllows normal sinus rhythm

Ventricular fibrillation results from:

Coronary occlusion

Electrical shock

Abnormalities of body chemistry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_dysrhythmiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_dysrhythmiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_fibrillationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_sinus_rhythmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_sinus_rhythmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_fibrillationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_dysrhythmiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_dysrhythmia


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Defibrillator


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DC Defibrillators-Circuit


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Recent trends

Remote patient monitoring

Radio pills

E-health

VLSI tools

ASIC-application specific IC

FPGA

SOC


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Expectations

portability and miniaturization,connectivity, safety, data security and

quality, and reliability.

dynamic power path management(DPPM)

increased efficiency


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Tips for healthy life

Eat healthy. Exercise.

Leave some time for leisure.

Make the decision not to worry.

Work to understand what stresses

you.

Leave time to laugh.


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Thank You

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