biomolecules. all biomolecules contain carbon carbon has 4 valence electrons. carbon has the ability...
TRANSCRIPT
Biomolecules
ALL BIOMOLECULES CONTAIN CARBON
Carbon has Carbon has 44 valence electrons. valence electrons.
Carbon has the Carbon has the ability to form ability to form more compoundsmore compounds than any than any other element.other element.
• Biomolecules– Large, complex molecules – Made from simple repeating units
– 4 Major Groups of Biomolecules4 Major Groups of Biomolecules
1) Carbohydrates2) Proteins3) Lipids4) Nucleic Acids
CARBOHYDRATES
• Sugars that provide short term energy to cells
• Primarily come from plants
• Referred to as “CHO’s” because carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
Functions of Carbohydrates:
1.Main Source of Energy For Cells
• 80% of our Energy intake
2. Structural Support• From chitin and cellulose
3. Cell Recognition• short sugar chain identify
cells
The Carbon Cycle = Recycling Carbon
MONOSACCHARIDES: Single sugar molecule
• There are three different monosaccharidesA. GLUCOSE : (5 Carbon ring)B. GALACTOSE: (5 Carbon ring)C. FRUCTOSE: (4 Carbon ring)
A CLOSER LOOK AT GLUCOSE
• Glucose is the principal sugar found in blood
• Molecular Formula is C6H12O6
DISACCHARIDES: two monosaccharides bonded together • Examples1)MALTOSE : “Beer sugar”
Made of GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE
DISACCHARIDES: CONTINUED two monosaccharides bonded together • Examples
2) SUCROSE: “TABLE SUGAR”
Made of GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE
DISACCHARIDES: CONTINUED two monosaccharides bonded together • Examples3) LACTOSE : “Milk sugar”
Made of GLUCOSE + GALACTOSE
POLYSACCHARIDES: Large Carbohydrate Molecules (complex)
1. GLYCOGEN • ANIMAL STORAGE OF CHO’S
• HUMAN MUSCLE AND LIVER CELLS STORE GLYCOGEN FOR EMERGENCY SUPPLIES
• BRANCHED CHAIN OF GLUCOSE
POLYSACCHARIDES:
2. STARCH • PLANT STORAGE OF CHO’S
• HUMAN’S ARE ABLE TO BREAKDOWN AND USE FOR ENERGY EX) POTATO
• COILED CHAIN OF GLUCOSE
POLYSACCHARIDES: Large Carbohydrate Molecules (complex)
3. CELLULOSE
• LONG STRAIGHT CHAIN OF GLUCOSE
• MAKES UP PLANT CELL WALLS
• HUMANS CANNOT DIGEST CELLULOSE AND CANNOT BE USED FOR ENERGY
POLYSACCHARIDES:
WHAT DO THESE HAVE IN COMMON