BiomoleculesWHAT ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE?

http://www.citewave.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/four-main-biomolecules.jpg

Introduction

On the following slides, the yellow sections highlight the main points; summarize the slides in your notebooks.

Underlined words = vocabulary!

Know

List what you know about:CarbsLipids ProteinsNucleic Acids

What

we will l

earn…

The meaning of monomer vs polymer.The structure/function of the 4 biomolecules.Role of enzymes in cells and the body.

Learn

Levels of Molecular Organization

Element

Molecule (2+ atoms)

Compound(2+ elements)

Cell (Includes both organic & inorganic compounds)

The pyramid is organized from the smallest component, the atom, to the smallest living organism, the cell.

Organic Compounds

Organic compounds - contain the element carbon (C) and are found in living things; with four valence electrons, carbon atoms can bond with numerous other atoms to create complex compounds.

http://biobook.nerinxhs.org/bb/cells/biochemistry/1000px-Carbone_lewis.svg.png

Monomers vs PolymersSketch the imagery to show the difference between monomers and polymers.

http://www.hsc.csu.edu.au/senior_science/options/polymers/2973/images/Fig_9513.jpg

Monomers vs Polymers Cont. The biomolecules found in living things

are composed of hundreds of atoms, sometimes more (AKA macromolecules).

Cells create macromolecules by joining smaller molecules in to chains called polymers. [Greek polys = many, meros = part] - a

large molecule composed of identical subunits called monomers.

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic Acids

4 Biomolecules

Intro Video

Background Knowledge

What types of foods would be categorized as carbohydrates?

Turn and talk with your neighbor.

http://www.neocate.com/images/uploads/from_wordpress/Carbs-Pic.bmp

What are carbohydrates?

Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in 1:2:1 (C:H:O) ratio, used for short-term energyare made of monomers called

monosaccharides [meaning “1” + “sugar”].

Types: MonosaccharidesPolysaccharides

What is a monosaccharide?

Simple sugars, are easily identified by the sweet taste – note the ring shape of the molecule. EX Glucose [C6H12O6]

Other: galactose (milk sugar), fructose (fruit sugar)

What is a polysaccharide? Complex carbs made of long chains of

monosaccharides. EX Starches (found in roots like potatoes and

other tissues in plants) EX Cellulose (found in plant cell walls)

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Polysaccharides Cont.

Glycogen (found in the liver and muscles of animals)

EX Sucrose (table sugar) is an example of a sugar made of two monosaccharides, a disaccharide.

Knowledge Check

Remember that monomers make up polymers. What is the monomer (or subunit) for the complex carb shown? Turn and talk to your neighbor.

http://www.goldiesroom.org/Multimedia/Bio_Images/04%20Biochemistry/12%20Structure%20of %

20Glucose.jpg

Background Knowledge

What types of foods would be categorized as fats?

Turn and talk with your neighbor.

http://thescienceofeating.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Book-Fats-Butter-Oils-2.jpg

What are lipids?

Contain C, H, and O atoms, used for long-term energy storageHydrophobic (insoluble in water)Types:

Unsaturated fats liquid w/ double bonds

Saturated fats solid, unhealthyPhospholipids Found within the cell

membranesSteroids

Lipid Structure

http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/PH/PH709_BasicCellBiology/Triglyceride2.jpg

Note the molecular structure “E” shape.

Knowledge Check

The fatty acid chain of the lipids is often referred to as a hydrocarbon chain. Why? Turn and talk to your neighbor.

Background Knowledge

What types of foods would be considered rich in protein?

Turn and talk with your neighbor.

http://media.coreperformance.com/images/411*308/knowledge-protein1.jpg

What are proteins?

Contain C, O, H, N and usually S atoms - AKA polypeptidesMade of monomers called amino acidsNeeded for essential life’s activities in

the body

Structure of a Protein Sketch the imagery to show the structure of a protein.

http://www.yang851.com/files/peptide.jpg

Structure of an Amino AcidAmino acids are made of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and an “R” group which varies in the different amino acids.

http://www.whitetigernaturalmedicine.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/amino-acid-structure.jpg

Knowledge Check

There are 20 naturally-occurring amino acids, and each one only varies in the structure of the R side chain. Two amino acids are shown in the diagram. What are the R side chains in each?

Talk to your neighbor to answer the question.

What are nucleic acids? Contain H, O, C, N, and P atoms.

Made of monomers called nucleotidesStore genetic information in living

things and carry instructions for building proteinsEX DNA EX RNA

http://knowgenetics.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Bio-1-e1354321656394.png

Structure of a NucleotideComposed of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.

http://www.whitetigernaturalmedicine.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/amino-acid-structure.jpg

Knowledge CheckRemember that monomers make up polymers. What is the monomer (or subunit) for the nucleic acid shown? Turn and talk to your neighbor.

http://media-1.web.britannica.com/eb-media/64/47664-004-7088EE3D.jpg

Chemical Reactions

A process that changes one set of chemicals into another set, recombining the atoms in to different substances.

Reactants are the items that

you begin with. (the left of the arrow).

Products are the items up end up with. (the right of the arrow).

What are enzymes?

A protein that acts as a biological catalyst - they work in cells to speed up chemical reactions.typically end in –

ASEAttach to specific

substrates to produce products

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Enzymes Cont.

Factors that can affect enzymes are:

The Lock & Key Model

Specific enzymes will only work on specific substrates; enzymes attach at the “active site” that matches the substrate. EX Maltase only attaches to the sugar

maltose

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Video

Know

List what you know about:CarbsLipids ProteinsNucleic Acids

What

we will l

earn…

The meaning of monomer vs polymer.The structure/function of the 4 biomolecules.Role of enzymes in cells and the body.

Learn

List the things you have learned during this unit.