bionic eye give hope to blind peopls
TRANSCRIPT
1Academic year 2016/2017
Republic of TunisiaUniversity of Sousse
Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology
BIO MEMS technology and application :Bionic eye
Elaborated by : El –AGUECH Mohamed AminTALBI Malek
Supervised by: Dr. GUEDRI Lamia
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Introduction
Conclusion
Human eye diseases
Artificial retinal prosthesis
Experiences and Results
Advantages and limits
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Develop technology to be effective forvisual disabilities: BIONIC-EYE
Blindness:40million
Lowvision:128million
Normal vision
Common goal
[1]
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Motivation :
Huge revolution in the field of medicine: Hope for the blind
Replaces functionality for a part or the whole eye
Chips specifically designed to imitate retina characteristics
What Is a Bionic Eye?
The first prototype : Brindley in 1960s who improvised a device on the cerebral cortex
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Introduction
Conclusion
Human eye diseases
Artificial retinal prosthesis
Experiences and Results
Advantages and limits
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Retinitis pigmentosa (RP):
Progressive degeneration of the rod photoreceptor cells in
the retina.
Hereditary Genetic Disease
Peripheral Rods degenerate
Gradually progresses towards center of eye
Tunnel vision results
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Retinitis pigmentosa (RP):
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Age related macular degeneration(AMD):
Genetically Related
Cones in the macula region degenerate
Loss of central vision
Peripheral Retina spared
Common among old people
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Age related macular degeneration(AMD):
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Introduction
Human eye diseases
Artificial retinal prosthesis
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Experimental visual device restore functional vision
rectifies RP and AMD to an extent
Two of retinal prosthesis :
Epiretinal implantaion :ARGUS II deviceSubritinal implantaion : Alpha IMS device
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ARGUS II : [2]
The first approved device in clinical trials : USA and Europe.
Components : 3 external components and 3 internal components.
Micro -Camera
Visual Processing Unit: VPU
Wireless transmitter
Electronics case Wriless antenna
Multi-electrode array (60electrodes)
With this system working with a camera, the patient has to turn the whole head and not just the eyes to look around.
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Who is eligible ?
Age 25 or older
Bare light or no light perception in both eyes
Being able to receive the recommended post-implant clinical follow-up, device fitting, and visual rehabilitation .
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Alpha IMS device : [3]
Alpha-IMS has been involved in clinical trials in Europe and Hong Kong.
It does not depend on an external camera but a totally implantable structure
CMOS chip(1500 electrodes )
Foil substrate Power supply cable
Return electrode
Ceramic housing
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Eligibility ? Same Criteria as the Argus II device.
Number of micro electrodes:1500
16 electrodes+200electrodes +1000 electrodes
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Introduction
Human eye diseases
Artificial retinal prosthesis
Experiences and Results
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•9 females•21 males
Number of patients
•58•+- 10
Main age
• 35,2
• +-11,5
Years since diagnosis the
problems
Argus II statistics :
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Tests :Orientation and Mobility:Finding the door
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
after 3manths
after 6manths
success faile Colonne1Room with walls of uniform color FailurSuccess
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After 5 years:
60% of patients (18/30) had experienced no device- or surgery-related SAEs*
Only 1 patient had a SAE after the 3rd year of implantation
1 case of retinal detachment was noticed after 4,5 years
One patient died at 6 years after implantation of natural causes unrelated to the Argus II.
*SAE : Serious Adverse Event
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• 13 females
• 16 males
Number of patients
• 58
• +- 8,2Main age
• 35,2
• +-11,5
Years since diagnosis the
problems
Alpha IMS statistic :
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Test :
Ability to see objects and shapesReading letters and words
ability to read newspaperheadlines.
patients could see light, doors,and windows
could detect whether a light wason or off
patients did not respond toimplantation
Test’s results :
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Introduction
Conclusion
Human eye diseases
Artificial retinal prosthesis
Experiences and Results
Advantages and limits
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LimitsAdvantages
The technology may enablepeople to recognize facesand facial expressions.
Water-proof and corrosion- proof : The chip is enclosed in a titanium casing
Expected Durability : 10 years
The unfortunate people who were born blind do not have the neurological capability to process the data received via the wire.
The optic nerve must be atleast partly functional or elsethe data will not be fullyprocessed.
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Introduction
Conclusion
Human eye diseases
Artificial retinal prosthesis
Experiences and Results
Advantages and limits
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The results provide proof of principle that a subretinal (IMS) and epritinal (Argus) implant can restore reliably measurable visual function.
Now Bionic devices are developing to do more thanreplacing defective parts.
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Providing power to run bionic implants andmaking connections to the brain's control systempose the two great challenges for biomedicalengineering.
We are now looking at devices like bionic arms,tongues, noses etc.
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Thank you for your attention !
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[1] Brig A Banarji , Col VS Gurunadh, Col S Patyal , Col TS Ahluwalia, Maj Gen DP Vats, SM, VSM, Col M Bhadauria : Visual Prosthesis : Artificial Vision
[2]Tai-Chi Lin, Hua-Ming Chang , Chih-Chien Hsu , Kuo-Hsuan Hung , Yan-TingChen , Szu-Yu Chen , Shih-Jen Chen : Retinal prostheses in degenerative retinaldiseases , Journal of the Chinese Medical Association (2015)
[3]Katarina Stingl , Karl Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt , Dorothea Besch , Caroline K. Chee , Charles L. Cottriall , Florian Gekeler a , Markus Groppe , Timothy L. Jackson , Robert E. MacLaren , Assen Koitschev , Akos Kusnyerik , James Neffendorf , Janos Nemeth , Mohamed Adheem Naser Naeem , Tobias Peters h , James D. Ramsden l , Helmut Sachs , Andrew Simpson , MandeepS. Singh , Barbara Wilhelm , David Wong , Eberhart Zrenner(2015) . Subretinal Visual Implant Alpha IMS. Vision Research