BIONIC HAND

CONTENTSINTRODUCTIONI-LIMB HANDDESCRIPTIONWORKINGFEATURESMERITSDEMERITSCONCLUSION

Bionic handThinking of moving the arm, the prostethic arm will move

Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR)

Amputated nerves are redirected to another muscle

Biosensors, mechanical sensors, controller, actuator

Neural interfacings

i-Limb Ultra

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I-Limb HandBionic HandFirst commercial active prosthetic3 variants : I-Limb Pulse, Ultra & Ultra revolutionDeveloped by David Gow of the Scottish National Health ServiceBuilt by Touch BionicsMajor advance on previous hooked limbs.Became commercially available in 2007

WRIST

WRIST descrMultiple positions of flexion and extension in set incrementsQuick detachment for changing between terminal devicesFlexible mode: Natural movement with progressive resistance with a spring-loaded mechanism that returns the wrist to a neutral positionRigid mode: Locks the flexion or extension in increments for holding and carrying objects360-degree rotation, with stops at multiple positions

BASIC DESCRIPTION

working.

How it worksSensors are imbedded in the forearmImpulses from the brain are readA microprocessor controls each finger individuallyDetermines the amount of force necessary to grasp an objectElectrode mounted on residual limb.User tightens muscles, this generates an electrical impulse.Impulse sent to computer on board the prosthetic.Based which muscles are fired the hand will open or close.Requires some prepositioning of fingers for some actions.

features3 degrees of freedom : Elbow flexion/extensionWrist supination/pronationTerminal device opening/closing5 articulating fingers moving independently at joints similar to natural jointsNear normal dexterity :Can hold a single sheet of paper or stringWithstand strain upto 99 kg Instantaneous actionHigh degree of proportionality to the muscle activity

ContSilicone cosmetic glove : touch sensitive for touch screen devicesGrip chips : Bluetooth enabled devices that are stuck to daily and mostly used objects eg. BT keyboardTriggers pre-programmed chip configuration when detected by i-limb Apps : Biosim,My i-limb mobile apps compatible with androidVari grip mode : variable digit by digit grip strengthAuto grasp mode : prevents objects from falling Inactivity : automatically moves to standby resting positionFeeling as part of body

Right candidate..Amputation at the wrist or forearm

Standard body-powered prosthetic devices are insufficient to meet the functional needs

Musculature has minimum microvolt threshold to allow operation of a myoelectric prosthetic device

No neuromuscular disease

Good cognition

Bionic fingers/i-limb digits

MERITSSimple to implementNon-invasiveMore range of motionIndividually moving fingers allow for better gripLarger functional area- more ADL independenceMore natural appearanceDust resistantCan reduce phantom painPsychological advantage

DEMERITSHeavy- muscle fatigue and frictionCostAvailabilityMoisture- problem with electronic circuitry if improper fabricationRequire prepositioning for some actionsFinger control coupled with open/close function,so not completely independentNo sensory control to control grip strengthPre-programmed grip patterns to learn

Future promising areasChallenge : Limited input to control vast outputsTargeted Sensory Re-innervation (TSR)- sensory feedbackArtificial muscles(Electroactive polymers)Osteo-integration Mechano-myographic (MMG) feedback: control of a prosthetic device with cortical and peripheral nervesOther Bionic Limbs-Shoulders, Wrists, Elbows

Cost of an i- limb hand ????Ans : $ 18,000 - $ 48,000 /-

= Rs 11,02,140 29,39,040 /- ( 1 $ = Rs 61.23) ( 27/09/2014

CONCLUSIONIt seems that in future we may have more and more artificial body parts like hands, eyes, nose ,legs etcIt act as a boom to human bodyImproves the quality of lifeIt helps the people who lost their body parts