bio’s cats field, modelling, chemistry and instrumentation work november 2006 simon prinsenberg,...
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![Page 1: BIO’s CATS Field, modelling, chemistry and instrumentation work November 2006 Simon Prinsenberg, Jim Hamilton and Peter Rhines](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/56649d7a5503460f94a5f1ac/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BIO’s CATS
Field, modelling, chemistry and instrumentation work
November 2006
Simon Prinsenberg, Jim Hamilton and Peter Rhines
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1 - Field work +Data
2 - Modelling
3 - Instrumentation
Salinity
δ1
8O
(‰
)0
-30
0 35
seawater
Meteoric water(rain, snow, river runoff, glacial meltwater)
Sea-ice meltwater
4 - Chemistry
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Field/Data –
Jim Hamilton
Muray Scotney
Roger Petipas
Peter Rhines
Modelling –
Charles Hannah
Dave Greenberg
Youyu Lu
Fred Dupont
Instrumentation –
George Fowler
Brain Beamlands
Greg Siddall
Peter Rhines
Chemistry –
Kumico Atzuo-Scott
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Project’s aim is to monitor and simulate
The fluxes through the CAA as part of the Arctic-Atlantic ocean conveyor belt circulation
From G. Holloway
CAA- Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Barrow Strait - Lancaster Sound
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Three major straits through
the CAA
Survey area
(red Box)
Grid show the
diagnostic finite element model domain
(20058 elements)
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Observation Problems:
Magnetic north pole
Mobile ice cover
Modelling Problems:
Complex topography
Lack of bathymetric and oceanographic data
North Pole
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Lancaster Sound year-long mooring 2004-05
south north
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Software and hardware to measure current direction
in Low-horizontal Magnetic field with mid-water floats
Magnetic direction 88O
in CAA
Vertical direction 90O
by Jim Hamilton
normally
ADCP with role/tilt compass
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- Watson Compass provides role-tilt and magnetic Pole direction
- This provides current magnetic direction data
- Corrected by Resolute magnetic data for wandering magnetic North Pole .
- To finally provide current direction to true north
- Special data processing
Measuring current direction in Low-horizontal Magnetic field
2004
True North
Magnetic
North
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Lancaster sound survey
-
Deployment of
ADCP and battery pack
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ULS mounted between two A2-SUBsIce draft measurements (2sec. data)
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Lancaster Sound August 2004
- First 6-years of field data
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Ocean statistics
from time series data
Surface current
Barrow Strait3 month average
from bi-hourly data
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Ocean and pack ice
statistics
from time series data
Plots? Tables?
Website?
Currents at 80m
Barrow Strait
3 month average
from bi-hourly data
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Ocean and pack ice
statistics
from time series data
Plots? Tables?
Website?
Ice velocity
Barrow Strait
3 month average
from bi-hourly data
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Ice draft plot monthly max., mean and Std. Dev.
from 2sec time series data
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Weekly and monthly fluxes for Aug. 98 to July 05 (7 years of data)
(seasonal weighted 2/3 southern site data and 1/3 northern site data)
Volume Transport
-1E+06
0E+00
1E+06
2E+06
3E+06
m3 /s
ec
-5.0E+07
0.0E+00
5.0E+07
1.0E+08
Fresh Water Transport
-1E+05
0E+00
1E+05
2E+05
m3 /s
ec
Heat Flux
-1.5E+13
-1.0E+13
-5.0E+12
0.0E+00
5.0E+12
Aug-98 Feb-99 Aug-99 Jan-00 Jul-00 Jan-01 Jul-01 Jan-02 Jul-02 Jan-03 Jul-03 Jan-04 Jul-04 Jan-05 Jun-05
Time
Jo
ule
s/s
ec
Summer
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Yearly and seasonal mean estimated fluxes passing through Lancaster Sound in units of Sv (= 106m3/s).
Year Fall Winter Spring Summer
1998/99 Volume 0.4 -0.0 0.4 0.5 0.7
Freshw. 0.03 0.0 0.03 0.03 0.04
1999/00 Volume 0.9 0.3 0.9 1.1 1.3
Freshw. 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.06 0.08
2000/01 Volume 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.2
Freshw. 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.07
2001/02 Volume 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.9
Freshw. 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.07
2002/03 Volume 0.9 0.6 0.5 1.2 1.1
Freshw. 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.9
2003/04 Volume 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.6 1.2
Freshw. 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.09
2004/05 Volume 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.9
Freshw. 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.-6
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Monthly mean volume flux through eastern Barrow Strait derived from 6-year of mooring data (Aug. 1998 – Aug. 2004).
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Transports from mooring data and their variability NAO
Fresh Water Transport and the NAO Index with 8 month lag
-120000
-80000
-40000
0
40000
80000
120000
Mar-97 Jul-98 Dec-99 Apr-01 Sep-02 Jan-04
m3 /s
ec
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
NA
O In
de
x
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2 - Modelling
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Modelling Problems:
Complex topography
Lack of bathymetric and oceanographic data
D. Greenberg,
C. Hannah
F. Dupont
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Summer surface currents (arrows)
for
-10cm Baffin Bay set-up
color code is for depth contours
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Ice concentration during the 1 year run coupled to AIM
Sep 89 June 1990 July 1990
August 1990 Sep 1990
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Surface ocean current during the 1 year run coupled to AIM
Sep 89 Dec 89 Mars 90
June 1990 Sep 1990
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WebTide
C. Hannah
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WebTide
Tidal Currents
Future: wind effects
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Increased # grids
3-4km at transect
Good for shore erosion, ship mooring sites and harbours
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Ocean module based on NEMO (OPA) and CICE ice module
Domain covers Arctic
Ocean and sub-polar NA; a subset of global 1/4º MERCATOR grids
Minimum grid size 6 km in CAA and maximum15 km in Arctic Ocean and up to 40 vertical levels
480x468x40 grids Youyu LU
Large scale Ice-ocean Model (DFO and IPY)
Ice thickness
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3 - Instrumentation
3 - Instrumentation
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Sensor Float
MidwaterFloat
AcousticRelease
EM Cable
ICYCLER #2ICYCLER:
Surface layer CTD profiler moored beneath mobile
pack ice
Problem:
Can not moor instruments in surface layer because of mobile
ice cover, and yet there is where the large variability in the
oceanographic parameters occur.
25m
50m
By George Fowler
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ICYCLER #1 provided yearlong CTD-Chl data set 2003-2004 from Lancaster Sound
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Fluorescence
Temperature
Yearlong Aug 2003- Aug 2004
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South-side Barrow Strait, Under-estimation of Fresh Water Transport in the top 30 m.
-6.0E+04
-4.0E+04
-2.0E+04
0.0E+00
2.0E+04
4.0E+04
6.0E+04
8.0E+04
1.0E+05
1.2E+05
Aug-00 Oct-00 Jan-01 Apr-01 Jul-01Date
Fre
sh W
ater
Tra
nsp
ort
(m
3/s
ec)
Fresh Water Transport (Icycler)
Icycler Minus Microcat
Freshwater flux is underestimated by 30m MicroCat data
season days ICYCLER MCat DeltaS. V cm/s %∆ fw
Sum03 40 29.83 31.13 -1.40 35 -28
Fall03 91 30.42 31.23 -0.81 15 -19
Win04 91 31.25 31.41 -0.16 07 -04
Spr04 91 31.43 31.74 -0.31 08 -10
Sum04 42 31.08 31.76 -0.68 15 -18
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SeaMotor
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Icycler60 Barrow Strait 2004/06 MicroCAT (located under winch) Depth - Note: Not All Data Shown
0
50
100
150
200
250
4-A
ug
-04
20
-Au
g-0
4
6-S
ep
-04
22
-Se
p-0
4
9-O
ct-0
4
25
-Oct
-04
11
-No
v-0
4
27
-No
v-0
4
14
-De
c-0
4
30
-De
c-0
4
16
-Ja
n-0
5
1-F
eb
-05
18
-Fe
b-0
5
6-M
ar-
05
23
-Ma
r-0
5
8-A
pr-
05
25
-Ap
r-0
5
11
-Ma
y-0
5
27
-Ma
y-0
5
13
-Ju
n-0
5
29
-Ju
n-0
5
16
-Ju
l-0
5
1-A
ug
-05
18
-Au
g-0
5
3-S
ep
-05
20
-Se
p-0
5
6-O
ct-0
5
23
-Oct
-05
8-N
ov-
05
25
-No
v-0
5
11
-De
c-0
5
28
-De
c-0
5
13
-Ja
n-0
6
30
-Ja
n-0
6
15
-Fe
b-0
6
4-M
ar-
06
20
-Ma
r-0
6
6-A
pr-
06
22
-Ap
r-0
6
9-M
ay-
06
25
-Ma
y-0
6
Mic
roC
AT
De
pth
(m
)
Depth (m)
Seacat
pressure data
Lost-found
ICYCLER
Aug. 04 – Aug. 06
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- Profiler line spooled out
- Buoyancy tank imploded but sealed
- Baterry dead and Corrosion
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Salinity
δ1
8O
(‰
)
0
-30
0 35
seawater
Meteoric water(rain, snow, river runoff, glacial meltwater)
Sea-ice meltwater
4 - Chemistry
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How to use oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) to quantify the fresh water compositions
Water is a mixture of seawater and meteoric waterWater is a mixture of seawater, meteoric water and sea-ice meltwater
Water is a mixture of seawater and sea-ice meltwater
Salinity
δ1
8O
(‰
)0
-30
0 35
seawater
Meteoric water(rain, snow, river runoff, glacial meltwater)
Sea-ice meltwater
light oxygen (O-16) enriched
heavy oxygen (O-18) enriched
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How to use Total Alkalinity to quantify the fresh water compositions
Water is a mixture of seawater and sea ice meltwaterWater is a mixture of seawater, river runoff and sea-ice meltwater
Water is a mixture of seawater and river runoff
salinity
To
tal
Alk
alin
ity
Seawater
Sea Ice, rain, snow meltwater
River runoff
0 350
2300
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Barrow Strait
19801977
2003
δ18O vs. salinity (0-100m)
y = 0.35x - 13.10R2 = 0.80
y = 0.38x - 14.16R2 = 0.57
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
026 28 30 32 34 36 38
salinity
δ18
O
1977&19802003
Seasonality ?Time series data
Salinityδ
18O
(‰
)
0
-30
0 35
seawater
Meteoric water(rain, snow, river runoff, glacial meltwater)
Sea-ice meltwater
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Yearlong water sampler to determine δ18O
MicroLab by Environtech
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Where are we heading with the CAA research
-Moorings in until August 2007?????
-Modelling effort reduced at moment effort on data processing
- Waiting for B-Base funding cycle to clear PERD (by early 2007)
-Waiting for B-Base funding cycle to clear IPY (by early 2007)