biosensors overview - division on earth and life...
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Slide 1
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Biosensors OverviewPresented at the
TRENDS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYRELEVANT TO THE BIOLOGICAL AND TOXIN WEAPONS CONVENTION
November 2, 2010
Gary Resnick, Ph.D.Director, Bioscience Division
Los Alamos National Laboratory
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Slide 2
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy’s NNSA
Biosensors--
BWC Implications
Leveraging the Power of Evolution
• Biosensors have and will continue to accelerate our ability to characterize complex biological systems; enabling manipulation of those systems
• Development of a “handheld”
pathogen sensor has alluded developers, but will be revolutionary when it occurs
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Slide 3
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Biosensor Defined
Biosensor--
an analytical device for the detection of analyte
that
combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector component, principal components:
• Sensitive biological element--
biological material (e.g., tissue,
microorganisms, organelles, cell receptors, enzymes, antibodies,
nucleic acids, etc), a biologically derived material or biomimic
• Transducer
or the detector element (works in a physicochemical
way; optical, piezoelectric, electrochemical, etc.) that transforms the signal resulting from the interaction of the analyte with the biological element into another signal
• Signal processors
that are primarily responsible for the display of
the results in a user-friendly way.
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Slide 4
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy’s NNSA
Biosensor Approaches
“Software”
(Recognition) Approaches• Recognition binders• Signature design • Reporters (protein engineering)“Hardware”
(Transduction) Approaches• Electrochemical• Optical• PiezoelectricEnabling Infrastructure• Characterization of biological systems• Gene ontology• Quality control standards• Intellectual property managementMiniaturization of Chemical Instruments• Mass Spectrometry• Flow cytometry
• Highly specific signatures for any biological activity/function/state
• Binders on demand
• Inexpensive, facile, highly multiplexed, and field deployable biosensors
• Context for broad technology application
See review by Luong, H.T., et al. Biotechnonology Advances 26 (2008) 492-500
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Slide 5
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy’s NNSA
Current Biosensor Applications & Development
• Research
• Medicine
• Food Safety
• Agriculture
• Environment
• Manufacturing
• SecurityDetection and forensics signature design
Multi-pathogen micro-array
Microbial community characterization
Soil microbes
Development of field-
deployable detectors
Detection ‘Dipstick’
from MESA Inc.
YSI Glucose Sensor Technology
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Slide 6
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy’s NNSA
Drivers & Trends in Biosensor Development
• The Need--
The “Pull”– Societal challenges (e.g., food production, climate change,
public health, medicine, manufacturing, renewable energy)– Policy drivers (e.g., International Health Regulation)– Cost reduction (e.g., in-line process control, biomimetic
production systems)
• Technology Opportunity–
The “Push”– A convergence of diverse technological advances for
biosensor innovation and application– 21st
Century Biology driving need for high throughput/high content bioanalysis systems, rapid knowledge generation
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Slide 7
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Biosensor Development and Applications Enabled by a Convergence of S&T Advances
• Bioengineering Technology– Highly specific/sensitive synthetic ligands– In situ reporters
• High Throughput/Content Bioanalytical Platforms
• Materials Science– Novel sensor platforms
• Information Science and Technology– Data/information management– Knowledge generation/application
• Communications• Geographic Information Systems
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Slide 8
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21st
Century Biology
Accelerating Discovery & Reducing Cost
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DNA graphic credit: DOE:GTL
• High content/volume analyses
• Advanced information science & technology
• Comparative or horizontal & multi-scale versus vertical analyses
A Systems Biology approach enables an inter-disciplinary, comprehensive study of the complex interactions between components of a biological system and the emergent behavior that results. The approach employs:
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Slide 9
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Biosensors for Pathogen Analysis
Signatures (Biomarkers)e.g. Epitopes, unique DNA/RNA,
SNPs (point mutations)
Assay Chemistrye.g. Ligand-based immunoassays,
taqman, pPCR, MOL-PCR, etc.
Instrumentatione.g. Plate reader, chip reader, gel
electrophoresis, RT-PCR machine, flow cytometer, etc.
Application SpecificationsApplication Specifications
Pathogen or Host
PropertiesBioassay Validated,
Deployed Solution
Testing and validation
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Slide 10
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Screening assay parameters: application-dependent
NOTE: the values in the graph are for illustration purposes only. Higher values represent higher level of importance of the corresponding parameter.
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Slide 11
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Biodefense, Biosurveillance, and Human Health assay requirements
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Slide 12
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Tradeoffs are needed to achieve optimal solution
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Slide 13
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy’s NNSA
Data Streams
dynamic
Applications
prediction
interpretive results
Information Management
Theory & Simulation
Inform data stream collection
Define data collection
Data stream Q&A and selection
• Ecosystem/Climat
e
• Population
• Host
• Cell/organ
• Molecular
• Atomistic
Tailored results
• Strategic Planning• Non-Proliferation• Risk assess/management• Operational Support• Unusual disease Dx• Vaccine Design• Therapeutic Design• Virulence Prediction• Bioforensics• Biodetection
Unusual disease analysis
Knowledge
Management
A Conceptual Vision for Integrated Biosurveillance
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Slide 14
Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy’s NNSA
Data Streams
dynamic
Applications
prediction
interpretive results
Information Management
Theory & Simulation
Inform data stream collection
Define data collection
Data stream Q&A and selection
Ecosystem/ClimatePopulation•Public health•Animal health•Syndromic dataHost•clinical tests•Animal models•Agriculture/wild life
Cell/organ•In-vitro modelsMolecular•proteomics•molecular structure•transcriptomics•metagenomics•genomics
Tailored results
• Strategic Planning• Non-Proliferation• Risk assess/management• Operational Support• Unusual disease Dx• Vaccine Design• Therapeutic Design• Virulence Prediction• Bioforensics• Biodetection
Unusual disease analysis
Knowledge
Management
A Conceptual Vision for Integrated BiosurveillanceBiosensor Enabled
Function Based Models (evolution) and Simulations:
• War planning• Hazard analysis• Biological: atomistic, molecular,
molecular machine, cellular, organismal, population (epi)
• Information visualization• Gene ontology• Disparate data fusion/analysis• Temporally/spatially referenced• Data management
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Slide 15
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Biosensor Advances Will Continue to Impact Global Security and the BWC
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By Enabling Higher fidelity planning & prediction Increased food production Early disease detection Accelerated countermeasures
development Unusual disease outbreak resolution
Sustaining:• Health Security• Food & Water Security• Energy Security• Global Security