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Biosphere reserve and their conservation

Rajnikant George

Durga nand

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Biosphere reserve UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB)

Programme was launched in 1971 with the aim of promoting interdisciplinary research, training, and communications in the field of ecosystem conservation and the rational use of natural resources. The MAB Programme is suited to respond to the results of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development(UNCED) and especially the objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity.

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Biosphere reserve

A biosphere reserve is an international conservation designation given by UNESCO under its Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB). The World Network of Biosphere Reserves is the collection of all 531 biosphere reserves in 105 countries (as of May, 2008).

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Biosphere reserve

According to “The Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves,” biosphere reserves are created “to promote and demonstrate a balanced relationship between humans and the biosphere.” Under article 4, biosphere reserves must “encompass a mosaic of ecological systems,” and thus consist of combinations of terrestrial, coastal, or marine ecosystems.

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Area of working

Zoning Conservation Ecosystem Biodiversity

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MAJOR GOAL

CONSERVATIONROLE

LOGISTICROLE

DEVELOPMENTROLE

BIOSPHERERESERVE

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Implementing OF AGENDA 21

2007

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STRUCTURE OF MODEL BIOSPHERE RESERVE Transition area. Buffer Zone (Strictly delineated). Core area. Human settlements. Research Station or experiment. Education and training. Truism and recreation. Monitoring.

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BIOSPHERE RESERVES IN INDIA

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Bio Conservation

The establishment and observation of economically, socially and politically acceptable norms, standard, patterns or models of behaviors in the use of natural resources by given society.

(r.beazley,1967)

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Aims

To ensure the preservation of a quality environment that his aesthetic, recreational and economic value.

To ensure a continuous yield of useful plants, animals and material by establishing a balanced cycle of harvest and renewal of recourses.

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Conservation species (321)

Endanger species (46 spices) Threatened species Extinct species (19 spices)

(F.H perring1977)

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Conservation And Preservation Provision for natural resource; Establishment of national park and security; Establishment of protected area for engaged species; Formulation, enactment and forceful implementation of low; Habit improvement program; Effective means of census operation to have regular measurement

of population size of endangered species; Provide for large scale drive for treatment of animals during

widespread epidemics; Establishment of research center to study the biological behavior of

wild animals; and Provision foe elementary environmental education to general public

about the environmental value of ecological resource.

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Ecological resource’s conversion

The conversion of ecological resource may be approached in three ways. Through species presentation. Through assemblage protection; Through habitat protection and preservation.

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Species preservation Species preservation involves identification

demarcation and enlisting of individual endangered species of plants and animals, and reservation of a particular habits for full protection of endanger and rate single species from outside invasion either from animals or from man. Such protected natural habitats are also called as NATURE RESERVES.

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Reserves Nature Example, grey seals are protected in the

sanctuary of France Islands off the cost of Northumberland, U.K.; Wood Buffalo National Park (Canada) preserves north American boson in the northern Alberta and north-west territories of Canada; trigate birds are protected in small islands in sabah, Malaysia; javan rhinos are preserved in Udjung kulonpanailan (western java); Gir lions are protected in Gir forests of Gujarat in India etc.

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Assemblage Protection

Assemblage protection involves protection and preservation of several species of plants or animals together in the same habitat having uniform environmental condition. The environmental conditions and habitat characteristics are such that large numbers of animals mainly migratory birds are attracted from many parts of the world.

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Assemblage Protection Many countries have established such sanctuaries for

providing unpolluted fresh environmental conditions to the animals. For examples, the window refuges of the USA provide shelters and ideal place for nesting for many species of ducks, geese and waters; Delhi zoo and Bharatpur bird sanctuary (India) provide idea habitats for migratory birds where maximum cover and food supply are assured for the migratory birds which come from remote areas of the word such as from Siberia and the birds are completely protected from hunting or from any human actions; high mountain reserves in the USA protect several alpine plant species and so on.

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Habitat preservation

Habitat preservation means reservation of large areas having diverse ecological resources for the purpose of overall protection of natural ecosystems and ecological resources therein. Such ‘nature reserves’ are called as NATIONAL PARKS.

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The students have been busy building a unique 'Bio-Reserve' in Patna in a plot of land gifted to them by the Patna Jesuits. His Excellency Dr. A. R Kidwai, the Governor of Bihar laid the foundation stone on Nov 3, 1997. The Bio-reserve is not a Biosphere Reserve which is already existing. It is visualized by the students as a nodal resource Centre for the rejuvenation of the Earth.

First of all the place would be a resource centre for bio-diversity. It will be a place where one can collect varieties of plants and herbs for promotional purposes. Starting from household plants that are fast disappearing, the Bio-reserve will help the people to identify vital ecological links that are edging towards oblivion. We would like to plant at least 500 varieties of trees and plants in the Bio-reserve. Already over 400 species of rare and vanishing trees have been planted and the place looks like a thick rain forest. As rarest of species, these trees and plants will grow up as demonstration pieces to a generation who otherwise would not ever see them. Most of them are already identified and tagged for easy reference and study. Also they will serve as a collection of vanishing germplasms to be preserved and propagated through the medium of a genetic nursery. A genetic nursery has been going on from 1989.

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St. Patrick’s and St. Vincent’s in Asansol, West Bengal has demarcated a sizeable part of their large campus as a bio-reserve. Bro. Frank Gale CFC of St. Patrick’s has been collecting herbs and plants for the plot. Tarumitra Bio-reserve in Patna has volunteered to share over 100 varieties of plants with them.

Sr. Daphne Sequiera RSCJ has been planting another bio-reserve at Ashankur, Maharashtra with active support from the Jesuit Fathers of the Pune . She has been overseeing the plantation in a ten acre plot of the organization with varieties.

The Medical Mission Sisters (MMS) under the leadership of Sr. Ruth Manianchira is turning a whole hill at Bibwewadi, Pune into a lush green corner of the city. They have also water harvesting programmes along with the conservation of bio-diversity.

Sumit Edwin SJ and team of Patna Jesuits started planting a bio-reserve in the historical city of Bodhgaya way back in 1999. Today the Jeevan Sangham compound is a variety rich green belt in the area. A similar effort has been successful made by Tony Pendanath SJ at Rathanpurva, West Champaran