BIOSPHEREChapter 3

VOCAB ONLYhttp://educ.queensu.ca/~fmc/august2004/pages/dinobreath.html

Symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits by living on or inside another which is harmedparasitismPrinciple that states no 2 organisms can occupy the same niche in the samehabitat at the same time.Competitive exclusion principle

Symbiotic relationship in whichboth organisms benefit from their closeassociationmutualismAn organisms job that includes what it eats, what eats it, where in the habitat it lives, how it acts, and when & how it reproduces? niche

Symbiotic relationship in which oneorganism benefits but the other isneither harmed nor helpedcommensalismThe scientific study of interactions between organisms and between organisms and their environmentecology

The portion of the Earth in which all life existsbiosphereOrganism that captures and eats anotherpredator

Group of organisms so similar that they can breed and produce fertile offspringspeciesAn organism that is captured and eaten by anotherprey

A group of individuals that belong to thesame species that live together in an areapopulationAnother name for heterotrophsconsumers

Group of different populations that live together in an areacommunityAll the living things an ecosystem that an organism might interact withBiotic factors

All the organisms that live in a placePLUS their non-living environmentecosystemAnother name for autotrophsproducers

Organisms that can make their own foodusing energy from sunlight or chemicalbonds in inorganic compoundsautotrophs or producersAll the non-living things such as climate, temperature, weather, soil type, or sunlight in an ecosystem that impact an organismAbiotic factors

Organism that cant make its own food and get energy from consuming other organismsheterotrophs or consumersAny relationship in which two specieslive closely togethersymbiosis

Rate at which organic matter is created by producersPrimary productivityChemical substance organisms need to sustain lifenutrient

Process in which green plants useenergy from sunlight to producecarbohydratesphotosynthesisA living thingorganism

Process in which some bacteria useenergy stored in the chemical bondsof inorganic compounds to makecarbohydrates in the absence of lightchemosynthesisSeries of steps in which organisms transfer energy through an ecosystemby eating and being eaten Food chain

Interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another.predationNetwork of complex interactions linking all the food chains in an ecosystemfood web

Organism that eats only plantsherbivoreProcess in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matterare passed from part of the biosphere to anotherBiogeochemical cycle

Organism that eats only meatcarnivoreProcess in which liquid water changes into a gasevaporation

Organism that eats both plants andmeatomnivoreProcess in which water from plant leaves evaporates into the atmospheretranspiration

Organism such as mites, snail,earthworms, or crabs that eat deadplants or animalsdetritivoreProcess in which bacteria in soil convert nitrogen gas into ammoniaNitrogen fixation

Organism such as bacteria or fungithat break down organic matterdecomposersEach step in a food chain or webtrophic level

Process in which bacteria covert nitrates intonitrogen gas and released into atmospheredenitrificationNutrient which is scare or cycles slowlythat controls population growthLimiting nutrient

Any necessity for life such as water, food, light, or spaceresourceRelationship in which organisms attempt to use the same resource at the same time and placecompetition