biosynthesis of sex hormones
DESCRIPTION
Biosynthesis of sex hormonesTRANSCRIPT
Dr. Vijay Marakala, MBBS, MD.
Senior Lecturer
BIOCHEMISTRY
IMS, MSU.
ANDROGENS ESTROGENS
PROGESTERONE
ADOLF BUTENANDT
Nobel prize - 1939
RESPONSIBLE FOR
•Growth, development, maintenance and regulation of reproductive system
REQUIRED FOR
• The development of germ cells
of sex hormones in both men and women.
ANDROGENS
Testosterone Major male
sex hormone
Produced by Leydig cells
ESTROGENS
Predominant ovarian
hormone
Follicle and corpus luteum
of ovary
PROGESTERONE
Produced during luteal
phase of menstrual
cycle and also during
pregnancy
CHOLESTEROL
Pregnenolone Progesterone
7-OH -Pregnenolone 7-OH -Progesterone
DHEA ANDROSTENEDIONE
TESTOSTERONE
DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE (DHT)
ESTRONE (E1)
ESTRADIOL (E2)
Granulosa cells of the ovary
Adrenal cortex, leydig cells of the testes and theca cells of the ovaries
Skin, prostate and epididymis
Aromatase
5 α-Reductase
Placenta produces E1, E2 and ESTRIOL (E3)
17βHSD 17βHSD
BIOSYNTHESIS OF SEX HORMONES
• DHEA
• Androstenedione
Adrenal androgens
• Produced by Leydig cells
• Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is the active form
Testosterone
Androgens are steroid hormones that control the expression and maintenance of male sexual characteristics
Male sexual characteristics
Important for sexual development
Secondary sexual characteristics in men
Effect on protein metabolism
Promotes protein synthesis
Positive nitrogen balance and increase muscle mass
Effect on carbohydrate and fat metabolism
Increases Glycolysis & TCA cycle
Increases fatty acid synthesis
Effect on mineral metabolism
Testosterone is thought to increase bone thickness and periosteal bone formation.
A testosterone deficiency in men can
cause
• Fatigue, mood swings, low libido, and irritability
Too much testosterone can
cause.
• Aggression, depression, impotence, and excessive libido
Estrogens are a class of steroid hormones which control the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics
Is the most important Estrogen.ESTRADIOL
ESTRONE
ESTRIOL
Liver
• Growth, development and maintenance of female reproductive organs.
Female sexual characteristics
• Estrogens increase lipogenesis in adipose tissue
Lipogenic effect
• Estrogens lower the plasma total cholesterol
Hypocholesterolemiceffect
• Promote calcification and bone growthPrevention of bone loss
A deficiency can cause several health concerns, including
Decreased, libido, fatigue, inflammation, hair loss, mood swings, wrinkles, brittle bones,
and dry skin
Excessive amounts of estrogen can
cause
Bloating, bleeding, breast tenderness and mood swings
• Progesterone is synthesized and secreted by corpus luteum, placenta and adrenal glands
“Hormone of
pregnancy"
Prepares the uterus for pregnancy by shifting the endometrium from proliferation to secretion.
Essentially required for the implantation of fertilized ovum and maintenance of pregnancy.
Normal menstrual bleeding is progesterone withdrawal bleeding