biotechnologies are pushing sustainable palm oil productionagritrop.cirad.fr/577370/1/rival...
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Biotechnologies are pushing sustainable palm oil production
Alain RivalCIRAD C di f Oil l hCIRAD Coordinator for Oil palm research
CIRAD Regional Director for South‐East Asian Island CountriesJakarta, Indonesia
Dedicado a la memoria de Mauricio Herrera, con toda mi amistad y mi profundo respeto.
Mauricio, escúcheme: ,aquellas biotecnologías son el futuro para la palma de aceite! Tonterias!
Oil palm sustainability is in the public debateis in the public debate
3
Biotechnologies also i th bli d b tare in the public debate
Biotechnologies Biotechnologies Biotechnologies are not restricted
to GMOs
gare working for sustainability
Simple Biotechnology facts
Bi h l i h f li i d i• Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms todevelop or make useful products
• It uses the controlled and deliberate manipulation of biological• It uses the controlled and deliberate manipulation of biologicalsystems for the efficient manufacture or processing of usefulproducts
• For thousands of years, humankind has used biotechnology inagriculture, food production and medicine
• The fabrication of wine, bread, beer, cheese, traditional medicine,the breeding of plants and animals are very ancientbiotechnologiesbiotechnologies
Genotype is what is in the DNA
The Cell Factory
THEDNA
Storage and transmission
THE GENOME
SynthesisChanges
D d ti
gof genetic information
PROTEINSDegradation
StructuralRegulatoryEnzymatic
THE TRANSCRIPTOME
Protein/DNAProtein RNAInteractions
SynthesisModifications
TRANSCRIPTOME
Degradation
LIPIDS GLUCIDSStructuralTHEStructural
Energy storage
StructuralEnergy storage
THE PROTEOME
The oil palm biotechnologies cloud
A sustainable palm oil production
• Agroecology• AgroecologyP ll i iP ll i i
Agroecology• Breeding• Waste management• Precision Agriculture
Agroecology• Breeding• Waste management• Precision Agriculture
• Poverty alleviation• People’s rights•Workers’ rightsL d bbi
• Poverty alleviation• People’s rights•Workers’ rightsL d bbi
g• Best agricultural practices• GreenHouseGas mitigation• Integrated Pest Management
g• Best agricultural practices• GreenHouseGas mitigation• Integrated Pest Management
• Land grabbing• Public policies• Ethical investments• Public/private Partnership
• Land grabbing• Public policies• Ethical investments• Public/private Partnership • Environmental services• Environmental services• Public/private Partnership• Public/private Partnership
•Agroecology• Breeding•Agroecology• Breeding
ECOLOGICAL INTENSIFICATIONg
•Waste management• Precision Agriculture• Best agricultural practices
g•Waste management• Precision Agriculture• Best agricultural practices•GreenHouseGas mitigation• Integrated Pest Management• Environmental services
•GreenHouseGas mitigation• Integrated Pest Management• Environmental services
Biotechnologies are tools for sustainability
•Agroecology• Environmental services• Breeding•Waste management• Precision agriculture• Best agricultural practices•Greenhouse Gases mitigation• Integrated Pest Management
Biotechnologies are working for sustainability
•AgroecologyCh t i i• Environmental services
• Integrated Pest Management
Characterizingbiodiversityg g
• Breeding•Waste management•Waste management• Precision agricultureB t i lt l ti
DNA BARCODING• Best agricultural practices•Greenhouse gases mitigation
Biotechnologies are working for sustainability
•Agroecology•Agroecology• Environmental servicesI d P M• Integrated Pest Management
• Breeding• Marker Assisted Breeding• Micropropagation
•Waste management• Precision agriculture
p p g•Gene discovery
ec s o ag cu tu e• Best agricultural practices•Greenhouse Gases mitigation•Greenhouse Gases mitigation
Bi h l i k M l l b di
Certifying the origin and traceability of planting material
Biotechnologies at work: Molecular breeding
Certifying the origin and traceability of planting material• Optimized management of genetic resources (core collections)• Certification of pedigrees in genetic trials and seed gardensCertification of pedigrees in genetic trials and seed gardens• Certification of tenera trait in seeds
Improving the selection efficiency in E guineensisImproving the selection efficiency in E. guineensis• Fine‐tuning of the selection of genitors• Agronomical traitsQTL identified, MAB under wayg , y• Resistances to pathogens (Fusariumwilt)
Biotechnologies at work: Gene discovery
The time course of gene expressionduring oil palm fruit development
Biotechnologies at work: Clonal micropropagation
kC ( )
Clonal micropropagation
Identifying sources of
Elaeis guineensis BackCross (E.g x E.o) x E.g
Identifying sources of tolerance to PC Combining genes of
interest originating fromE. oleifera and E.
Detecting genes for tolerance/resistance
to PC8090
guineensis
01020304050607080
ot c
umul
ated
incid
ence
Cl i BC lCloning of tolerant Cl i BC l
% Bu
d Ro
year
C1001 C1501 C6501 C7001
Cloning BC palmsCloning of tolerantindividual palms
Cloning BC1 palms
Clonal planting material Field trialsin PC infested zones
Clonal planting material
Clonal micropropagationBiotechnologies at work: Clonal micropropagation
Hybrids
Clonal micropropagation
E l iti i bilit
(E.oleifera x E.guineensis)
Exploiting variability
Cloning outstanding individual palms23% OER and 30 t FFB/ha23% OER and 30 t FFB/ha
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Clonal planting material
Biotechnologies at work: E i ti f fl iEpigenetics of flowering
The NextGeneration Sequencing Revolution
DNA sequencing capability is growing exponentiallyCosts are coming down 2X per year
Biotechnologies are working for sustainability
•Agroecology• Environmental services• Integrated Pest Managementg g• Breeding•Waste management
METAGENOMICS•Waste management• Precision agricultureB t i lt l ti
Understanding life in soil and ater• Best agricultural practices
•Greenhouse Gases mitigationin soil and water
THE METAGENOMICS PROCESS
DETERMINE WHO IS THEREDETERMINE WHO IS THERE(Sequence‐based metagenomics)
• Identify organisms, genes and metabolic pathways•Compare to other communitiesp•Compare treatments and cultural practices
E ll DNA Extract all DNA frommicrobialcommunity insampled
DNA sequencingsampledenvironment
DETERMINE WHAT THEY ARE DOING(Function‐based metagenomics)
• Screen to identify functions of interest • Screen to identify functions of interest, such as nitrate reduction, or carbone fixation
• Find the genes that code to functions of interests
The NGS Revolutioni t il l himpacts oil palm research
o The vanishing gap between crop and model plant species
Wh l G S ilbl
NOW
o WholeGenome Sequence availble
o Metagenomics of soil and water
NOW
NOWo Metagenomics of soil and water
oTranscriptomics and gene discovery
NOW
NOWp g y
o Genomic selection NOW
o Epigenomics NOW
Muchas gracias por su amable atencionMuchas gracias por su amable atencion
Tonterias!