biowaste management in europe - waste.ccacoalition.org · scenarios for recycling organic waste min...
TRANSCRIPT
Biowaste Management in Europe Results of a Pre-feasibility report for a facility for organic waste
recycling in South Backa Waste Management District - Serbia
Marco Ricci - Jürgensen
Altereko sas on behalf Abt associates
About myself
• 20 years of experience in planning MSW management, designing and up¬grading of collection and transport schemes, assessing recycling facilities (focus on composting), planning comunication and participation initiatives, chairing multi-linguistic, multi-tasking working groups or projects.
• 15 year foreign working experience as consulting expert focusing on issues related to solid waste management. Extensive consultancy experience in the Solid Waste Sector – on Strategy and Policy, Fees&Taxes, Separate collection schemes - , both in ´advanced´ and ´low to middle income’ countries in Europe, Latin America and Asia.
• 10 years experience cooperating with international organisation/agencies (as ECN-European Compost Network, ACRR, EEA-European Environment Agency, Sweepnet-GIZ, SCOW).
About myself
About myself
CIC Italian Composting and Biogas Association Senior Expert
www.compost.it
ISWA International Solid Waste Association Chair of the Working Group on Biological Treatment of Waste
www.iswa.org
Ecomondo International Fair Ambassador
en.ecomondo.com
Activities (outside Italy)
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
UK
Spain
Tunisia/Sweep-Net
Brazil
Cambodia
Chile
Overview
• What is biowaste?
• Biological treatment options
• From City Assessment to Pre-feasibility investigations
• South Backa WMR – scenarios for biowaste recycling
• Feasibility assessment – OrganECS
• Economical drivers
What is biowaste?
• In Europe, biowaste is strictly defined
– Garden & park waste
– Food & kitchen waste
• Other wastes can also be treated through biological treatment = Biodegradable waste
– Animal manures
– Agricultural residues
– Sewage sludge
– Some paper, card and biodegradable plastics
Sources of biodegradable waste
Sources
Hotels
Factories
Markets
Homes Farms
Restaurants & cafes
Street sweepings
The workplan for SB-WMR
• to elaborate two scenarios for biowaste processing
• basic assessment - from the technical and economic point of view - of the suitability of different organic waste treatment option
• actions to promote the off-take of the products resulting from the recycling of organic waste
Ref Activity 3 - Task 1
Treatment approaches
10
Biodegradable Wastes
Quality products
for sale
Product
manufacturing
process
Stabilised biowaste for
landfill or incineration
Waste pre-
treatment
What is biological treatment?
Natural processes
• Treating biodegradable wastes – Using micro-organisms
– Natural processes
• To create products
• To pre-treat wastes before disposal
• Three main techniques – Overlap between them
3 main techniques
Composting
Mechanical Biological treatment
(MBT)
Anaerobic digestion
(AD)
Comparison of Composting and AD
12
Factor Composting AD
Plant capacity Scalable (small, medium, large)
Only Medium to Large
Tecnology and process Simple More complex
Need of working surface Higher Lower
Specific investment cost (i.e. €/t capacity)
Lower Higher (need of incentives)
Output (recycling) Solid product Liquid product
The choice of a specific technology for recycling organic waste
• will depend on the absolute amounts of OFMSW produced in a specific municipality or waste management region,
• on the relative availability of the two main “feedstock” of organic waste (i.e. FW and GW and others).
Investment cost for different tecnologies
Complexity of different recycling technologies for organic waste
Source – Altereko 2018
CCAC
City Assessment
Action Plan
Work Plan
Stakeholder Consultation
Actions & Decisions
Feasibility assessment: step by step
Assess the potential production
Quantify the amount to be collected
Decide how to collect
Consider prevention (HC)
Define the n° and size of facilities
South Backa WMR
decimals are separated
by Points
Total
population
Distance from
WMC (km)
Kg/capita
/day MSW (tpa)
Garden waste
(tpa)
Food waste
(tpa)
Rural
population (%)
Serbia 7164132
AP Vojvodina 1912095
Novi Sad 346163 0 1.07 135194 18075 40788 15%
Becej 36663 41 0.94 12579 2533 4139 37%
Beocin 15551 25 0.94 5336 713 1610 52%
Backa Palanka 54631 43 0.94 18744 4658 6127 50%
Backi Petrovac 13222 24 0.86 4150 838 1144 52%
Temerin 28244 13 0.94 9691 1952 3188 10%
Zabalj 25873 27 0.86 8122 1641 2239 64%
Srbobran 16073 28 0.94 5515 1114 1520 26%
Vrbas 41378 39 0.94 14197 2859 4671 42%
South Backa Waste
Management Region 577798 1.01 213527 34384 65426 26%
Transfert St 34% 66%
Large producers in Novi Sad
Key data for biowaste production
• 1100 tpa
• 730 commercial activities (Ho.re.Ca)
• 120 Schools (with canteens)
Scenarios for recycling organic waste – SBWMR
Min (low)
• Collection at large producers (HoReCa, Schools, Markets)
• Focus con GW
• Collection schemes for HH with low diversion of FW from disposal
• Collection schemes for FW only for limited areas/settlements (HH)
Max (high)
• Collection at large producers (HoReCa, Schools, Markets)
• Focus on FW and GW
• Collection schemes for HH with high diversion of FW from disposal
• Most HH connected to collection schemes for FW and for GW
Scenarios for recycling organic waste
Scenarios
Garden waste
(tpa)
Food waste
(tpa)
Organic
waste (tpa) Comments
Production 34384 65426 99810 For the whole Region
Potential Max 17798 33866 51663 -26% home composting, 70% SS
Potential Mid 12713 24190 36902 -26% home composting, 50% SS
Potential Min 5085 9676 14761 -26% home composting, 20% SS
Scenarios for recycling organic waste
Min (low)
• A Centralised facility, located at Novi Sad’s landfill Capacity 12000tpa
• A Decentralised facility, Capacity 1-2000tpa for Becej, Backa Palanka, Vrbas
• Home composting in rural areas
Max (high)
• A Centralised facility, located at Novi Sad’s landfill Capacity 52000tpa
• A transfer point for Becej, Backa Palanka, Vrbas 1-2 x 20’ container/each
• Home composting in rural areas
The type of recycling facilities to be assessed
Min Scenario Max Scenario
Composting (small scale) - with passive aeration 1000/2000tpa -
Composting (medium scale) - with or whithout forced aeration 12000tpa -
Composting (large scale) - with or whithout forced aeration - 50000tpa
Dry Anaerobic Digestion with post-composting - 50000tpa
Min Scenario Max Scenario
Composting (small scale) - with passive aeration 3,2/6,5tpd -
Composting (medium scale) - with or whithout forced aeration 39tpd -
Composting (large scale) - with or whithout forced aeration - 160tpd
Dry Anaerobic Digestion with post-composting - 160tpd
Treatment technologies
Feasibility assessment
• CAPEX and OPEX for each type of facility
• Range of Investment costs (Low/High)
• OrganECS_Excel tool (CCAC)
• Type of technology:
– Composting With Forced Aeration (WFA)
Without Forced Aeration (WOFA)
– AD (Dry) / post-Composting
OrganECS
• OrganECS Version 2
• aims to guide local decision-makers in having a first evaluation of different treatment options
• does not provides a detailed description and reference to the type of infrastructures included in the facility
needs expert support to be used
OrganECS: economic data & assumptions
• 15year life-span
• Labor cost
• Diesel and Electricity cost
• Cost for reject disposal
• Revenues for compost of 3,5 €/t
• Revenues for electricity 0,1 $/kWh, subsidized
Labor ( in Current Year) Notes
Manager/Engineer - Labor Cost 13.500,00 €/year
Operator - Labor Cost 8.500,00 €/year
Facility Operations ( in Current Year)
Process Water Purchase Price 1,10 €/m3 if AD option considered
Wastewater Treatment Cost (if AD applies) 0,34 €/m3 if AD option considered
Purchased Bulking Agent Cost (e.g., Wood Chips) - €/tonne
Energy Purchases ( in Current Year)
Electricity Purchase Price 0,07 €/kWh
Diesel Purchase Price 1,31 €/liter
Land ( in Current Year)
Purchase or Lease Land select
Land - Purchase Price - €/ha
Land - Lease Price - €/ha/year
Facility Operations ( in Current Year)
Avoided Landfill Disposal Fee 30,00 €/tonne currently 0 will be 30€/t
Sellable End Products ( in Current Year)
Market Price for Digestate Effluent (Liquid Digestate) - €/tonne
Market Price for Dewatered Digestate - €/tonne
Market Price for Compost 3,50 €/tonne
Market Price for Mulch - €/tonne
Wholesale Electricity Sale Price - €/kWh if AD option considered
Government Subsidy - €/kWh if AD option considered
Duration of Government Subsidy 3,00 Years if AD option considered
Sell Heat? select if AD option considered
Wholesale Heat Price - €/MMBtu no heat to be used
Inflation and Taxes
Inflation Rate - General 3,00% %
Tax Paid on Revenues 15,00% % for a recycling facility
VAT (Value-Added Tax; same as Goods and Services tax) 20,00% % not applied on compost!
Interest Rate - Short-term Debt 8% %
Interest Rate - Long-term Debt 3% %
Composting facility – 12’000tpa (OrganEcs)
• 12000 tpa of FW+GW
• Forced aeration
• footprint about 1,2 Ha
• CAPEX: 2,53M - 4,13M USD
• gatefee (low CAPEX scenario) – GW 18 USD/t
– FW 32 €/t (or 37 USD/t),
• Current disposal fee at landfill 15€/t 30 €/t
Minimum Recycling Scenario
Composting With Forced Aeration USD
(e.g., semi-permeable cover, container/box/tunnel, tower, drum) Low Capex High Capex
Initial Capital Investment ($) $2.528.400 $4.132.900
Capex/tonne ($/TPY) $211 $345
Total Annual Expenses in YR 1 Operations ($/year) $503.200 $616.400
O&M/tonne in YR 1 Operations ($/tonne of waste processed) $42 $52
Total Land Required (ha) 1,20 1,02
Total Organic Waste Available in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 12.000 12.000
Total Yard Waste Available in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 3.850 3.850
Total Food, Manure/Sludge, and Other Organic Waste Available in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 8.150 8.150
Total Bulking Agent Required in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 0 0
Total Waste Composted in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 12.000 12.000
Compost Produced In YR 1 (tonnes/year) 3.600 3.600
Waste Diverted from Landfill in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 9.480 9.480
Percent of Waste Diverted from Landfill (%) 79% 79%
DO NOT ERASE 79% 79%
Gate Fee - Yard Waste ($/tonne) $18,00 $18,00
Gate Fee - Food Waste ($/tonne) $37,00 $65,00
Gate Fee - Manure/Sludge ($/tonne) $0,00 $0,00
Gate Fee - All Waste ($/tonne) $0,00 $0,00
Compost Sale Price ($/tonne) $5,00 $5,00
Composting facility – 12’000tpa (OrganEcs)
Composting With Forced Aeration USD
(e.g., semi-permeable cover, container/box/tunnel, tower, drum) Low Capex High Capex
Initial Capital Investment ($) $2.528.400 $4.132.900
Capex/tonne ($/TPY) $211 $345
Total Annual Expenses in YR 1 Operations ($/year) $503.200 $616.400
O&M/tonne in YR 1 Operations ($/tonne of waste processed) $42 $52
Total Land Required (ha) 1,20 1,02
Total Organic Waste Available in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 12.000 12.000
Total Yard Waste Available in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 3.850 3.850
Total Food, Manure/Sludge, and Other Organic Waste Available in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 8.150 8.150
Total Bulking Agent Required in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 0 0
Total Waste Composted in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 12.000 12.000
Compost Produced In YR 1 (tonnes/year) 3.600 3.600
Waste Diverted from Landfill in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 9.480 9.480
Percent of Waste Diverted from Landfill (%) 79% 79%
DO NOT ERASE 79% 79%
Gate Fee - Yard Waste ($/tonne) $18,00 $18,00
Gate Fee - Food Waste ($/tonne) $37,00 $65,00
Gate Fee - Manure/Sludge ($/tonne) $0,00 $0,00
Gate Fee - All Waste ($/tonne) $0,00 $0,00
Compost Sale Price ($/tonne) $5,00 $5,00
Composting facility – 50’000tpa (OrganEcs)
• 50000 tpa of FW (68%)+GW(32%)
• Forced aeration
• footprint up to 5 Ha
• CAPEX: 7,2M – 12,5M USD
• gatefee (highCAPEX scenario) – GW 18 USD/t
– FW 31 €/t (or 36 USD/t),
• Current disposal fee at landfill 15€/t 30 €/t
Maximum recycling Scenario
Composting With Forced Aeration USD
(e.g., semi-permeable cover, container/box/tunnel, tower, drum) Low Capex High Capex
Initial Capital Investment ($) $7.196.900 $12.490.800
Capex/tonne ($/TPY) $144 $250
Total Annual Expenses in YR 1 Operations ($/year) $1.610.600 $1.984.000
O&M/tonne in YR 1 Operations ($/tonne of waste processed) $33 $40
Total Land Required (ha) 5,00 4,25
Total Organic Waste Available in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 50.000 50.000
Total Yard Waste Available in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 16.000 16.000
Total Food, Manure/Sludge, and Other Organic Waste Available in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 34.000 34.000
Total Bulking Agent Required in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 0 0
Total Waste Composted in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 50.000 50.000
Compost Produced In YR 1 (tonnes/year) 15.000 15.000
Waste Diverted from Landfill in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 39.500 39.500
Percent of Waste Diverted from Landfill (%) 79% 79%
DO NOT ERASE 79% 79%
Gate Fee - Yard Waste ($/tonne) $18,00 $18,00
Gate Fee - Food Waste ($/tonne) $13,00 $36,00
Gate Fee - Manure/Sludge ($/tonne) $0,00 $0,00
Gate Fee - All Waste ($/tonne) $0,00 $0,00
Compost Sale Price ($/tonne) $5,00 $5,00
Composting facility – 50’000tpa (OrganEcs) Composting With Forced Aeration USD
(e.g., semi-permeable cover, container/box/tunnel, tower, drum) Low Capex High Capex
Initial Capital Investment ($) $7.196.900 $12.490.800
Capex/tonne ($/TPY) $144 $250
Total Annual Expenses in YR 1 Operations ($/year) $1.610.600 $1.984.000
O&M/tonne in YR 1 Operations ($/tonne of waste processed) $33 $40
Total Land Required (ha) 5,00 4,25
Total Organic Waste Available in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 50.000 50.000
Total Yard Waste Available in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 16.000 16.000
Total Food, Manure/Sludge, and Other Organic Waste Available in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 34.000 34.000
Total Bulking Agent Required in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 0 0
Total Waste Composted in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 50.000 50.000
Compost Produced In YR 1 (tonnes/year) 15.000 15.000
Waste Diverted from Landfill in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 39.500 39.500
Percent of Waste Diverted from Landfill (%) 79% 79%
DO NOT ERASE 79% 79%
Gate Fee - Yard Waste ($/tonne) $18,00 $18,00
Gate Fee - Food Waste ($/tonne) $13,00 $36,00
Gate Fee - Manure/Sludge ($/tonne) $0,00 $0,00
Gate Fee - All Waste ($/tonne) $0,00 $0,00
Compost Sale Price ($/tonne) $5,00 $5,00
AD&Composting facility – 50’000tpa (OrganEcs)
• Dry-AD & C-aerated static piles
• 50000 tpa of FW (68%)+GW(32%)
• footprint up to 5 Ha
• CAPEX: 14,2M – 25,1M USD
• gatefee (highCAPEX scenario) – GW 18 USD/t
– FW 40€/t (or 46 USD/t),
• Current disposal fee at landfill 15€/t 30 €/t
Maximum recycling Scenario High-Tech Dry Anaerobic Digestion USD
Low Capex High Capex
Initial Capital Investment - AD ($) $8.645.200 $15.640.300
Capex/tonne ($/TPY) $255 $461
Initial Capital Investment - Composting ($) $5.495.800 $9.480.000
Capex/tonne ($/TPY) $128 $220
Total Annual Expenses in YR 1 Operations ($/year) $1.852.200 $2.842.300
O&M/tonne in YR 1 Operations ($/tonne of waste processed) $38 $57
Total Land Required (ha) 1,93 1,93
Soil Product Produced Compost
Total Organic Waste Available in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 50.000 50.000
Total Waste to AD in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 34.000 34.000
Digestate Produced in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 27.200 27.200
Digestate to Composting in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 27.200 27.200
Yard Waste to Composting in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 16.000 16.000
Bulking Agent to Composting in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 0 0
Total Waste Composted in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 43.200 43.200
Total Compost Produced in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 12.960 12.960
Waste Diverted from Landfill in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 45.304 45.304
Percent of Waste Diverted from Landfill (%) 91% 91%
DO NOT ERASE 0,91 0,91
Net Electricity Produced by AD System in YR 1 (kWh/year) 7.018.434 7.018.434
Electricity Sold in YR 1 (kWh/year) 5.713.794 5.713.794
Gate Fee - Yard Waste ($/tonne) $18,00 $18,00
Gate Fee - Food Waste ($/tonne) $0,00 $46,00
Gate Fee - Manure/Sludge ($/tonne) $0,00 $48,00
Gate Fee - All Waste ($/tonne) $0,00 $0,00
Electricity Sale Price ($/kWh) $0,10 $0,10
AD&Composting facility – 50’000tpa (OrganEcs)
High-Tech Dry Anaerobic Digestion USD
Low Capex High Capex
Initial Capital Investment - AD ($) $8.645.200 $15.640.300
Capex/tonne ($/TPY) $255 $461
Initial Capital Investment - Composting ($) $5.495.800 $9.480.000
Capex/tonne ($/TPY) $128 $220
Total Annual Expenses in YR 1 Operations ($/year) $1.852.200 $2.842.300
O&M/tonne in YR 1 Operations ($/tonne of waste processed) $38 $57
Total Land Required (ha) 1,93 1,93
Soil Product Produced Compost
Total Organic Waste Available in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 50.000 50.000
Total Waste to AD in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 34.000 34.000
Digestate Produced in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 27.200 27.200
Digestate to Composting in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 27.200 27.200
Yard Waste to Composting in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 16.000 16.000
Bulking Agent to Composting in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 0 0
Total Waste Composted in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 43.200 43.200
Total Compost Produced in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 12.960 12.960
Waste Diverted from Landfill in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 45.304 45.304
Percent of Waste Diverted from Landfill (%) 91% 91%
DO NOT ERASE 0,91 0,91
Net Electricity Produced by AD System in YR 1 (kWh/year) 7.018.434 7.018.434
Electricity Sold in YR 1 (kWh/year) 5.713.794 5.713.794
Gate Fee - Yard Waste ($/tonne) $18,00 $18,00
Gate Fee - Food Waste ($/tonne) $0,00 $46,00
Gate Fee - Manure/Sludge ($/tonne) $0,00 $48,00
Gate Fee - All Waste ($/tonne) $0,00 $0,00
Electricity Sale Price ($/kWh) $0,10 $0,10
How to make the facilities economically competitive with current disposal cost?
• Rise cost of MSW disposal (landfill taxes and bans)
• Realize minimal infrastructures for treating exhausted airs from processing
• CAPEX partially covered by structural funds (E.U.)
• Longer amortization (15 20 years)
• Subsidies for renewable energy production (electricity, heat, biomethane)
• QAS for better market for compost
Summary outcomes
• CAPEX cost in USD per ton
• OPEX cost (including amortization) in USD per ton
• Range of costs
• To be compared with current cost for MSW disposal and forecast with a new, centralized sanitary landfill
CAPEX Composting WOFA 2'000tpa Composting WFA 12'000tpa Composting WFA 50'000tpa Dry AD + composting 50'000tpa
tpa 2000 12000 50000 50000
Low 422.000,00 2.736.000,00 7.200.000,00 13.800.000,00
High 690.000,00 3.552.000,00 12.500.000,00 25.300.000,00
Average 556.000,00 3.144.000,00 9.850.000,00 19.550.000,00
South Backa Waste Management Region (Serbia)
South Backa Waste Management Region (Serbia)
Final remarks
• Current MSW disposal cost are low, lack of landfill-taxes
• A recycling facility for organic waste gets most revenues from the gate-fee
• Protecting the environment costs more than dumping waste
Thank you
Marco Ricci – Jürgensen
www.altereko.it