BIPOLAR DISORDERANDY MOLINA

PSYCHOLOGY

PERIOD 1

BIPOLAR DISORDER: BASIC DEFINITIONS

Mania Episode

Very active

Hardly sleep

Lasts about a week

Talkativeness

Doing activities/Consequence

Would most likely require Hospitalization

Hypomania Episode

All the crazy with half the impairment

Lasts about four days

Difference:

Severity

Mixed Episode•Mania and depression put together

BIPOLAR DISORDER: BASIC DEFINITIONS/ASSOCIATED FEATURES•Bipolar Disorder

Two poles: Mania and depression

“An intense and very disruptive experience of extreme elation, or euphoria, possibly alternating with major depressive episodes.”

BIPOLAR DISORDER: SUBTYPES BIPOLAR I AND II

Feeling intense excitement that might follow with extreme depression episodes that alternate

Bipolar I exhibits at least Manic Episode, but depressiveness isn’t or wasn’t present

Bipolar II exhibits many depressive episodes,1 hypomania ep., but no manic ep.

ASSOCIATED FEATURESDSM-IV-TR Criteria

• Bipolar I

• Single Manic EpisodeA. Presence of only one Manic episode and no Major

Depressive Episodes

B. The Manic Episode is not better accounted for by Schizoaffective Disorder and is not superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusion Disorder, or Psychotic Disorder Not otherwise Specified

ASSOCIATED FEATURES• Bipolar II

A. Presence (or history) of one or more Major Depressive Episode

B. Presence(or history) of at least one Hypomanic Episode

C. There has never been a Manic episode or Mixed Episode

D. The Manic Episode is not better accounted for by Schizoaffective Disorder and is not superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusion Disorder, or Psychotic Disorder Not otherwise Specified

E. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

Mixed

Mania and Depression alternation

Bipolar

Mania

Restless Irritable etc.

Hypomania

Lasts about 4 days and less severe

Depression

Tired, less active etc.

ETIOLOGYo Biological

•Genetics-With one parent 30%/ two = 50%-75%, Multiple genes are involved

o Psychological•Feelings of rejection

•Neglectful parents(Unstable relationship)

•Occupied with need to be loved by others

•Use mania as a defensive response to feeling helpless

Behavioral and cognitive

•Reduction of positive reinforcement

•No incentive

•Stressful experiences•Sensitized by early experiences to react in a way

PREVALENCE • Bipolar disorder less common

• Both sex’s

• 16% in U.S.

• Men- Manic

• Woman- Depression

• People in their twenties

• Fraternal twins have a one in five

• Misdiagnosis may occur

TREATMENT

Biological

• Antidepressants

• Lithium

• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

• Severe Cases require ECT

• Light Therapy for seasonal depressed people

• Sleep deprivation

TREATMENT

Psychological

• Behavioral Therapy

• Change environment• Reinforcing to seek activities• Giving Homework• Self reinforcement

• Cognitive Therapy

• Suggestions for Negative thoughts

PROGNOSIS• Death rates increase

• People with Bipolar I/ 10-15% Commit suicide

• People with Heart problems

• Unpredictable

• Treatments • Survival rates increase

• Very effective but it is difficult to assume that it works

• Sometimes patients need more than one medication

REFERENCES

American Psychiatric Association. (2010). DSM-IV-TR. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association

Halgin. R.P. & Whitbourne, S.K. (2005). Abnormal Psychology: clinical perspectives on psychological disorders. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill

Pan, C. (2012). Ask the doctor... "What are bipolar I and II disorders?" b+s medical. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com/src/detail?sid=76

DISCUSSION

How can the learned helplessness model be associated with Bipolar disorder?