bird hunting along the mediterranean coast of egypt ......plan of action –ikb in egypt & libya...
TRANSCRIPT
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Bird Hunting along the Mediterranean Coast of
EgyptSocioeconomic study
Nature Conservation EgyptSalwa Elhalawani
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Presentation Outline
•Context
•Objectives
•Methodology
• Findings
•Recommendations/Next Steps
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Background
• Hunting in Egypt: an ancient practice
• Increase in unregulated hunting practices over the past decade; population, demand, technology;
• Media coverage in 2012 brought IKB to the international community’s attention;
• Lack of research to properly address conservation concerns;
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Plan of Action – IKB in Egypt & Libya
• 2013 – Bonn, Germany ; International Task Force
• AEWA, CMS, German Federal Ministry for Environment, NABU, BLI, EEAA & NCE
• Main Objectives:
• Research – Fill in gaps in knowledge
• Effective legislation in place & enforced
• Capacity building for conservation
• Awareness raising
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Plan of Action – Funding
• German Federal Ministry for the Environment –through AEWA (socioeconomic study)
• Nando-Pereti Foundation (NPF) – Monitoring, Legal Review & other conservation actions;
• NABU – fundraising via German public;
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Plan of Action –Research
• Socio-economic drivers of bird hunting activities;
• Legal review of legislative and administrative infrastructure
• Monitoring hunting activities - types, scale, and species;
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Socioeconomic Study -Objectives
• Identify the spatial patterns and techniques
• Assess the socioeconomic drivers of bird
hunting, dependency and social resilience
• Evaluate the communities’ understanding of bird
conservation policies
• Determine if the communities would consider
further bird conservation strategies
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Methodology
1) Dividing the Coast into three regions:
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2) Field Survey
• 73 hunters and traders from 25 local communities were interviewed
• Pre-tested questionnaire
• Group discussions
Methodology
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Findings
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Cultural Dimension of Bird Hunting • Birds have held an important place in Egyptian
culture.
• An important source of food in Ancient Egyptian times as well as a popular sport
• Hunting is considered a recreational and social activity involving many families and their friends
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Hunting Techniques
• Trammel Nets • Haleeg & Eb Nets
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Hunting Techniques
• Lime Sticks • Munsab
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Hunting Techniques
• Shot Guns
• Call Devices
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Hunting Technique for each Region
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Catching Birds of Prey
• Trapping Techniques:
• Sharak (Noose Harness)
• Fakh (Trap)
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Hunting Seasons
Species Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
Quails x x X x X
Ducks x X x x
Dove x X x X
Songbirds x x x x X
Golden
Oriole x x
Birds of
prey x x x x
Water birds x x x x X
Others x x x x X
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Target Species
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
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Target Species By Region
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Region 1 Region 2 Region 3
Quails/Corncrane
Ducks
Dove
Songbirds
Waterbirds
Birds of prey
GoldenOriole
Others
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Occupations
• Majority are fishermen
• Other professions include government employees, farmers, traders, etc.
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Socio-economic Factors Influencing Hunting
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Interpretation
• No correlation between bird hunting and age, marital status and education.
• Significant correlation between bird hunting and proportion of income, size of household and occupation.
• The proportion of income and size of household were found to positively influence individuals’ engagements in bird hunting,
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Resilience of Hunting Practices
• The majority of respondents were confident that they would never give up hunting of birds
• Local people were unconfident about their abilities to change (92%)
• Slight majority agreed to having new hunting laws & regulations for sustainable practices (67%)
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Perception and Attitude Towards Conservation
• Almost all respondents acknowledged the decline in bird numbers
• A great belief that God is responsible for the future and will protect and secure birds
• “People will harvest and eat everything no matter what”
• Respect certain species that were mentioned in Qur’an
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Types of Hunters
• Commercial Hunters – target economic value;
• Subsistence Hunters
• Recreational/Cultural Hunters
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Personal Consumption
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Conclusions• Spatial patterns & techniques:• Hunting practices documented all across the
coast, particularly trammel nets;
• Illegal hunting practices (limesticks, Haleeg nets) and tools (bird-calling devices) widespread
• Socioeconomic Drivers:• Source of revenue for local communities
• Motivated by increasing income
• Major seasonal dependency on this resource
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Conclusions• Community Understanding of Conservation
Policies:• Traditional understanding of need to protect birds
during Spring occasionally expressed;
• Consideration of future conservation efforts:• More affluent hunters show resilience to change
• Poorer communities more vulnerable due to higher dependency
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Recommendations • Acknowledge the cultural roots of bird hunting
and its importance to the individuals involved in this activity.
• Engage local community in decision making regarding policy changes
• Enforcement of hunting regulations is urgently needed to bring the hunting of birds under more effective control
• Securing high-level political support to ensure that measures to address the impact of bird hunting is given a high priority in the conservation sector
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Recommendations • Develop mechanism to manage and control
permits for nets;
• Further studies on the export industry of migratory birds;
• Detailed socio-economic studies on black-spots to assess economic alternatives to hunting and trapping;