Domain: EukaryotaKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: Chordata

Class: AvesDimitrova, Tanya

Stamatova, ZhanetKalinov, Dimiter

10/1

• Name: “Ave” – “bird” /Spanish, Portuguese/– “hail” /Latin/

• Symmetry: bilateral• Chadogram

– 150 million years ago– Dinosaurs – “Archaeopteryx”– Most closely related: mammals– Ancestor birds + human = 270 million years ago

[2], [11], [16]

– Vertebrate– TetrapodTetrapod

bipedal + forelimbs

– Endothermic (four chambered heart)

– Unique digestive and respiratory systems

– Egg-laying – Strong skeleton

[2], [10]

• Male - two testes • Female - ovaries

• Most birds - no phallusphallus• male + female cloacaecloacae • in female - sperm is stored

from one week up to a year• egg - laid + incubationincubation• parents feed young birds,

learn them to fly

[1], [2], [3]

Bill Mouth (no teeth) Tongue Pharynx EEsophagussophagusCCroprop

Stomach (proventriculusproventriculus and gizzardgizzard) Intestines RectumRectum Cloacae

• Types of Birds: Diurnal; Nocturnal; Repuscular• Strategy: peck, attack, scavengers…• Food – great variety -nectar, fruit, plants, seeds, small animals

[2], [4], [12]

• Wings and tail • Light skeleton • Fast digestion• Water birds

– webbed-swimming feet

• What is flying?• How do birds lift?• Where does air pass?• What is drag?• Do all birds fly?

[8], [14]

Sphenisciformes (Penguins)

Galliformes(Fowl)

Falconiformers(Raptors)

Habitat - southern hemisphere - about 10 species -

temperate zone- one species - near the

equator

- forests, deserts, cultivated lands, alpine meadows, etc

- temperate, tropical, terrestrial

- every kind of land habitat - forests, grasslands, deserts, mountains, etc

Range - 17 and 20 living species - about 70 genera ,over 250 species

- nearly worldwide distribution

- 290 species of birds - falcons, eagles, hawks and allies

Food habits - squids, krill, and fish - eat a variety of plant and animal material

- Hunting birds, meat - eaters

MoreInfo

- wings – flippers - chicken-like in appearance - small to large bodies and blunt-wings

- sharply hooked beak with a cere - long and broad wings

- strong legs and feet; raptorial claws

[6], [7], [9], [13]

- Fastest running bird – ostrich, but it cannot fly- Only known poisonous bird - hooded pitohui of

Papua, New Guinea- Only wingless bird – kiwi of New Zealand- Most common bird - chicken

– At any given time, there are anywhere between one and two billion living birds on the planet.

[5], [15]

Works Cited• <http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/avianreproduction.html>. [1]• <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birds>. [2]• <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_anatomy>. [3]• <http://www.backyardnature.net/birdguts.htm>. [4]• <http://birds.about.com/od/livingwithabird/a/birdfacts.htm>. [5]• <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falconiformes>. [6]• <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galliformes>. [7]• <http://bio.edu.ee/animals/Linnud/lialgus.htm>. [8]• <http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/

Galliformes.html>. [9]• <http://www.biologyreference.com/Ar-Bi/Bird.html>. [10]• <http://www.dhushara.com/book/unraveltree/life4CK.jpg>. [11]• <http://animals.about.com/od/birdsastudyguide/a/introtobirds.htm>. [12]• <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguins>. [13]• <http://www.earthlife.net/birds/flight.html>. [14]• <http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=15+1794&aid=179>. [15]• <http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/comdesc/images/phylo.gif>. [16]