Birds of Malagos Watershed: Birds of Malagos Watershed: A Comparative StudyA Comparative Study

Presented by:Presented by:

Geonyzl Lepiten-AlviolaGeonyzl Lepiten-AlviolaCo-Authors:

Julie B. Otadoy

Bernadette Del Rosario

Jason Ibanez

Davao Doctors College

Graduate School, ADDU and

Philippine Eagle Foundation

= 348 avian species

• 147 resident

• 93 migratory

• 94 endemic

• 14 both migratory and resident

Malagos WatershedMalagos Watershed

Is a forest fragment preserved Is a forest fragment preserved by DENR and DCWDby DENR and DCWD

reforestation program started reforestation program started since 1990 inviting –since 1990 inviting –

= schools= schools= school clubs= school clubs= NGO’s= NGO’s

Why the birds in the study?Why the birds in the study? it determine the condition of it determine the condition of

the environmentthe environmentBirds serves as ecological Birds serves as ecological

indicator indicator

Objectives: To conduct an ecological To conduct an ecological

assessment of avian speciesassessment of avian species To identify and classify birds To identify and classify birds

within the areawithin the area To determine the distribution of To determine the distribution of

bird species and compare the bird species and compare the taxonomic listing of birds with taxonomic listing of birds with the previous study.the previous study.

Methodology

Two methods were usedTwo methods were used

1. point count method1. point count method

2. mist netting method2. mist netting method

Point count 8 point counts were established8 point counts were established 200 m apart with markers per 200 m apart with markers per

countcount survey started from 0600- 1700 survey started from 0600- 1700

hr (morning, noon and late hr (morning, noon and late afternoon)afternoon)

The observer should stay The observer should stay 15 to 20 mins per count 15 to 20 mins per count

Point Count 1Point Count 1

Point Count 2Point Count 2

Point Count 3Point Count 3

Point Count 4Point Count 4

Point Count 5Point Count 5

Point Count 6Point Count 6

Point Count 7Point Count 7

Mist Netting Effort

Mist nest with 12 m x 2.8 m and with 36 mm mesh

Tied and supported by the poles placed in varying distances Position either sky level or

ground level. Opened daily from 4:30-17:00

Preparation of the mist nets

Sky nets

Ground nets

The study started last The study started last September and continued in September and continued in November 2004November 2004

Field Guide to Philippine Birds by Field Guide to Philippine Birds by Kennedy (2000) was used to Kennedy (2000) was used to identify the birds.identify the birds.

ResultsResults

Table 1. Number of bird species in the Philippines, in Mindanao and data from all surveys in Malagos Watershed.

  PhilippinesPresent Survey

in Malagos Watershed

%

All Species 556 54 9.71Families 79 27 34.18

Residents 385 32 8.31Resident / Migrant 15 1 6.67

Migrant 152 2 1.32Philippine Endemic 173 12 6.93Mindanao Endemic 102 7 6.86Threatened Species 1213 4 0.33

Philippine EndemicsPhilippine Endemics

Philippine dwarf-kingfisher

Ceyx melarunus

White-eared brown dove

Phapitreron leucotis

Phil. EndemicsPhil. Endemics

Yellow – Bellied Whistler

Pachycephala homeyeri

Philippine bulbul

Hypsipetes philippinus

Phil. EndemicsPhil. Endemics

Streaked ground-babbler Ptilocichla mindanensis

Mindanao EndemicMindanao EndemicSilvery Kingfisher

Alcedo argentata

Brown tit babbler

Macronous striaticeps

Mindanao Endemic

Little slaty flycatcher Ficedula basilanica

Resident BirdsResident Birds

Yellow-wattled bulbul Pynonotus urostictus

Hooded pittaPitta sordida

Resident BirdsResident Birds

Arachnothera longirostra Little spiderhunter

Black –naped Monarch

Hypothymis helenae

Pied fantail Rhipidura javanica

Spangle drongoDicrurus hottentottus

Resident

Drongo cuckoo

Surniculus lugubris

Plaintive cuckoo Cacomantis merulinus

Resident Birds

Common Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica

Migrant BirdMigrant Bird

Brown shrike Lanius cristatus

The most observed families1. Nectariniidae

ex. Little spiderhunter

2. Estrildidae ex. Chestnut munia (Lonchura malacca)

3. Pycnonotidae

a. Yellow wattled bulbul

b. Philippine bulbulb. Philippine bulbul

Rare or Uncommon Avian Species

Silvery kingfisher(Alcedo argentata)

Philippine dwarf Philippine dwarf kingfisherkingfisher

((Ceryx melarunus)Ceryx melarunus)

Little slaty Little slaty flycatcherflycatcher

(Ficedula basilanica)(Ficedula basilanica)

Streaked ground-babbler(Ptilocichla mindanensis)

Rufous-lored kingfisher ((Halcyon winchelli))

Ruddy kingfisher ((Halcyon coromanda))

Black-faced coucal (Centropus melanops)

Rufous paradise flycatcher (Tersiphone cinnamomea)

Naked-faced spiderhunter (Arachnothera clarae)

Three Vulnerable Uncommon Species

Rufous-lored kingfisherRufous-lored kingfisher Silvery kingfisherSilvery kingfisher Little slaty flycatcherLittle slaty flycatcher

4 globally threatened 4 globally threatened speciesspecies

Rufous lored kingfisherRufous lored kingfisher Silvery kingfisherSilvery kingfisher Philippine dwarf kingfisher Philippine dwarf kingfisher Little slaty flycatcherLittle slaty flycatcher

( this is based on the Red Data ( this is based on the Red Data Book)Book)

Comparative Survey From 1994-2004

From 1994 -2002 list

7 families were no longer 7 families were no longer observed in 2004.observed in 2004.

1. Apodidae1. Apodidae 5. Oriolidae 5. Oriolidae

2. Picidae 6. Scolopacidae2. Picidae 6. Scolopacidae

3. Coraciidae3. Coraciidae 7. Turnidae 7. Turnidae

4. Hirundinidae4. Hirundinidae

Three families were added in 2004 survey

1.1. Raliidae - Barred railRaliidae - Barred rail

- Plain bush-hen- Plain bush-hen

2. Dicruridae – Spangle drongo2. Dicruridae – Spangle drongo

3. Psittacidae - Colasisi3. Psittacidae - Colasisi

What had caused the decrease of avian species?

Habitat destructionHabitat destruction Hunting for food and pet tradeHunting for food and pet trade Some are shy and migrated to Some are shy and migrated to

other placesother places Insufficient food resourcesInsufficient food resources

ConclusionConclusion

The area is highly disturbed The area is highly disturbed because of the observed birds because of the observed birds were located in opened areas.were located in opened areas.

Even there were 7 families were Even there were 7 families were no longer observed, there are no longer observed, there are new species of birds were added new species of birds were added in the list.in the list.

RecommendationRecommendation

A yearly of avian survey should be A yearly of avian survey should be conducted to monitor avian activity.conducted to monitor avian activity.

In reforestation, select a certain type In reforestation, select a certain type of tree to be planted that is suited in of tree to be planted that is suited in the area.the area.

Strict implementation of the law on Strict implementation of the law on protecting the endangered species.protecting the endangered species.

Don’t let this beauty Don’t let this beauty vanish …..vanish …..

Thank you Thank you Acknowledgements : :

Julie B. OtadoyJulie B. Otadoy

Bernadette del RosarioBernadette del Rosario

Davao Doctors CollegeDavao Doctors College

Philippine Eagle FoundationPhilippine Eagle Foundation

Davao City Water DistrictDavao City Water District

Graduate School, Ateneo de Davao UniversityGraduate School, Ateneo de Davao University