BIRTH ORDER RESEARCH 1963-1967:BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX

CH ARLES HA R VEY MILEY

A urora College, Aurora, Illinois

Birth order and it s consequen ts have been of intermittent interestto psychologists for almost a century, since Galton (2), and perhapslonger. Some 50 years later, Adler (1, pp. 321-323), as part of hispersonality theory, stressed the importance of the situation intowhich a person is born, including family size, sex of siblings, and birthorder. In recent years, greatly stimulated by the work of Schachter(3), research on birth order effects has been mounting.

In view of thi s great increase in research we thought even a limitedbibliogra phy such as the present one would be of some interest. Itconsists of entries dated 1963 to 1967, found under the heading of" bir th order" or relevant cross references in the Psychological Ab­stracts, 1963 through November, 1967, the last issue available at th etime of our compilation. The 119 titles listed are distributed asfollows over th e five year s in question: 17, 23, 21, 28, 30. Thesefigures express, however, the actual trend only very incompletelysince the later years are by necessity progressively less fully coveredthan the earlier years, with the smallest part of the literature coveredfor 1967, since our search ended with the 1967 Psychological A bstracts,and the November issue at that.

The bibliography is followed by an index of the variables studied,based largely on information derived from the titles of the papers.

R EFE RE N CE S

I. ADLER, A. The practice and theory of I ndividual Psy chology (19 20). P at erson,N. J. : Littlefield, Adams, 1963.

2. GALTON, F . English men of science: their nature and nurture. Lond on:Macmillan, 1874.

3. SCHACHTER, S. The psychology of affiliation. Stanford , Calif.: StanfordUniver. Press, 1959.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. ABE, K., T SUJI, K., & SUZUKI, H. T he significa nce of birth order and agedifference bet ween siblings as observed in dr awin gs of pre-kindergartenchild ren . Folia psychiat . neurol, Japonica, 1964, 17, 315-3 25.

2 . ALEXANDER, C. N. J R. Or din al positi on and sociome tric sta tus. Sociometry,1966, 29, 41-51.

..BIRTH ORDER RESEARCH 1963-1967: BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX 65

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26.

ALLEN, C. E. Birth orde r and reaction to threat: a comparison of self­evaluation and anxie ty reduction motives. Diu. Abstr., 1967,27,3510.

ALTus, W. D . Birth order and academic primog enitu re. J. Pers. soc.Psycho!., 1965,2,872-876.

ALTUS , W. D . Bir th orde r and its sequel ae. Science, 1965, 151,44-49.ALTUS, W. D. Birth order and mean scor e on a ten- item ap titude tes t .

Psych o!. Rep., 1965, 16, 956.ALTUS, W. D. Birth order and schol astic ap tit ude . J. consult . Psy chol.,

[965, 29,202-2° 5.ALTus, W. D. Birth or de r and the Omnibu s P ersonality Inventory, Form C.

Proc, 74th annu , Con ti. Amer. Psycho!. Ass., 1966, 279-280.ALTUS, W. D. Birth orde r and choice of college m aj or . Proc. 75th annu .

Cono, Amer. Psycho!. Ass., 1967, 2, 287-288.ARROWOOD, A. ]., & AMOROSO, D. M. Social comparison and ordinal pos i­

tion. J. P ers , soc. Psy cho!., 1965, 2, 101-104.BARTLETT, E . W., & SMITH, C. P. Ch ild-rearing practices, birth order, and

th e development of achieveme n t-r ela te d motives. Psycho!. Rep.; 1966,19, Pt. 2, 1207-1216.

BAYER, A. E . Birth orde r and coll ege a t te nd ance. J . M arr, Family, 1966,28, 480-484.

BECKER, G . Visu al acui ty, birth order, achieveme n t ve rs us affilia tion andother E dwards P erson al Preferen ce Schedule sco res . J. psych osom.Res., 1965, 9,277-283.

BECKER, G . Affili ate p erce ption and the arousal of th e p articipation­affilia tio n mo tiv e. P ercept. mot. Sk ills, 1967,24,991-997.

BECKER, S. W., LERNER, M. J., & CARROLL, JEAN. Conformity as a fun cti onof birth or de r, p ay -off, an d typ e of group pressure. J. abnorm . soc. Psy :cho!., 1964, 69, 318-323.

BERG, 1., et , a!. Birth orde r and family size of approved sch ool boys. Brit.J . Psychiat. , 1967, 113, 793-800 .

BROCK, T. c., & Becker, G. Birth or der and subject recruitment. J. soc.Psycho!., 1965, 65, 63-66.

COBB, S., & FRENCH, J . R. JR. Birth or der am on g med ical s tuden ts . J.Amer. med , Ass., 1966, 195, 312-313.

COLLINS, L. G., & Ston e, L. A. Family s truc ture and pain reactivity. J.d in . Psy cho!', 1966, 22, 33.

CONNERS, C. K. Birth orde r and nee d for affilia tion. J. Person ., 1963,31 ,408-416.

C USHNA, B., GREENE, M., & SNIDER, B. C. F. First born and last bornchil dren in a child developm ent clinic . J. Tndio. Psyc ho!., 1964, 20, 179­182.

DANSH EN, D. G. An in tro duc tion to KS U stude n ts . Unp ublished report.K ansas State Unive rs i ty , Student Cou nseling Center, Sep tem ber, 1964.

DATTA, L. E. Birth orde r and ea rly scien tific attain m ent. Percept. mot.Ski lls, 1967, 24, 157-158 .

DE LINT, J . E. E . Alcoholism, birth orde r and socializin g agen ts . J. abnorm .soc. Psy chol., 1964, 69, 457-458.

DE LI NT, J. E. E. No te on birth orde r and intelligenc e test performance.J. Psy cho!., 1967, 66, 15-17.

D EMB ER, W. N. Bir th orde r and nee d affilia tion . J. abnorm, soc. Psy cho!.,1964,68, 555-557.

DI MOND, R. E., & MUNz, D. C. Ordinal p osition of birth and self-disclosurein high school studen ts. Psy cho!. Rep., 1967,21 , 829-833.

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CHARLES BARV EY MILEY

D OHRENWEND, BARBARA S., & DOHRENWEND, B. P. Stress si tua tions, birthorde r, and psy chologica l sy mp to ms. J . abnorm . Psychol., 1966, 7 I,215-223.

D OH RENWEND, BARBARA S., FE LDSTEIN, S., PLOS KY, J OYC E, & SCHMEIDLER,GERTRUDE R. Factors inter acting with birth order in self-selec tion am ongvolunteer subjects. J . soc. Psyc hol. , 1967, 72, 125-128.

EISENMAN, R . Birth order and artistic cr eativity. J. I ndio. Psychol., 1964,20, 183-185.

EISENMAN, R . Birth order, anx ie ty, and verba liza tions in group psycho­th erapy. J. consult. P sychol ., 1966, 3°, 52 [-526.

EISENMAN, R . Birth order, an xiety , and verba l inter action in gro up psycho­ther ap y. Diss, Abstr., 1967, 27, 367° .

E ISENMAN, R. Birth order and sex differences in aesthetic pr eference forcom plexi ty-simplicity. J. gen. Psychol. , 1967, 77, 121-126.

EI SENMAN, R. Complexity-simplic i ty: II . Birth order and sex differences.Psyc honom. Sci., 1967, 8, 171-172 .

EI SENMA N, R ., & TAYLOR, R . E . Bir t h orde r and MMPI p at terns. J .I ndio. Psychol., 1966, 22, 208- 21J.

FARINA, A., BARRY, H. , & GARMEZY, N . Birth order of recovered and non­recovered schizophrenics. A rch. gen. Psy chiat. , 1963, 9, 224-228 .

FARLEY, F. H . Birth orde r, achieve me n t-mo tivation, and aca demic a t tain­me nt . Brit. J . educ, Psyc hol. , 1967, 37, 256.

GELFA ND, S. The rela tionship of birth orde r to pain toler anc e. J . d in.Psych ol., 1963, 19, 406-407·

GILMORE, J. B., & ZIGLER, E . Birth orde r and social rei nforcer effec tiv enessin childre n. Child Deoelopm., 1964, 35,1 93-200.

GLASS, D. C. , H ORWITZ, M ., F[RESTONE, I., & GRINKER, J. Bir th orde r andreactions to Frustration. J. abnorm , soc. Psychol., J 963,66, 192-[ 94.

GRANVILLE-GROSSMAN, K. L. Birth order and schizophreni a. Brit. J .Psy chiat., 1966, 112, l I J9-1I 26.

GREEN, C. E. T he effec t of bir th orde r and famil y size on extra-senso ryperception. J . Soc. psychica l Res., 1965,43, [81-19I.

GREEN, C. E ., E ASTMAN, M . E., & ADAMS, S. T. Birth order, fam ily size ,and extr a-sensory percepti on. Brit, J. soc. din. Psychol., J966, 5, 150-152.

GREENBERG, H ., G UERINO, R OSEMARIE, LASHEN, MARILY N, MAYER, D ., &PISKOWS KI, D OROTHY. Orde r of birth as a de te rmina nt of person ality an dattitudin al char acterist ics. J . soc. Psy chol., 1963, 60, 221-23°.

GROSZ, H. J. Birth orde r, anx ie ty , and affilia tive tendenc y: obse rva tio nsand commen ts regarding Sch achter's hyp othesis. J. nero, ment , Dis.,1964, 139, 588-590.

GUNDLACH, R. , & RI ESS, B. F. Birth order and sex of siblings in a sa mple oflesbians and nonlesbians . Psyc hol. Rep. , [967,20, 61-62.

HALL, EVERETTE, & BARGER, B. Attitudinal structures of older and youngersiblings. J . I ndio. P syc hol., 1964, 20, 59-68 .

HALL, EVERETTE, & BARGER, B. Bac kgr ound da ta and exp ected activitiesof entering lower divi sion s tudents. Uni versity of Fl or ida, Me nt al H ealthProj ect, Bull. NO.7, May, 1964.

HARE, E . H. Associa tions: important or tr ivial. I nt. J. Psyc hiat., 1967,3(6), 537-538.

Ko, Y UNG-Ho, & LI N, LI-H UEI. Th e relationshi ps between p erson ality andordinal position s amo ng un iv ersity stude n ts. A cta. p sychol, T'ai soanica,1966, N o. 8, 29-37.

BIRTH ORDER RESEARCH 1963-1967: BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX 67

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Ko, YUNG-HO, & S UN, LONG-CHU. Ordin al posi tio n and th e behavior ofvisi ting th e child guida nce clinic . Acta psychol, Taiwanica, 1965, NO.7,10-16.

LESSING, ELISE F., & OBERLANDER, M . Ordinal pos ition and childhoodpsychopathology as eval uate d from four perspec tives. Pr oc, 75th annu,Cone, A mer. P sycho I. A ss., 1967, 2, 179-180.

LESTER, D. Siblin g posi tion and suicida l behavior. J. I ndi o. Psych o!., 1966,22, 204-207.

LEVINGER, G., & SONNHEIM, M . Complim entari ty in marital adj us tmen t :R econsid ering T oman' s famil y conste lla tion hypothesis. J. Indio. Psy ­chol., 1965, 21, 137-145.

M AS LING, J . Birth order and th e need for affilia tion. Psychol. Rep. , 1965.16, 631-632.

McKEITHEN, E . JEAN. P atterns of motivat ion as rel at ed to ordinal positi on .Diss, A bstr., 1965, 25, 4845-4846.

MORAN, G. Ordin al positi on and approva l motivati on. J. consult. Psy cho!.,1967, 31, 319-320.

M URD OCH, P. H . Birth order and age at marri age. Brit. J. soc. din. Psychol.,1966, 5, 24-29 .

NEWCOMBE, H. B. Scr eening for effects of mat ernal age and bir th ord er in aregister of handicapped children. Ann. hum. Genet., 1964, 27,367-382.

OBERLANDER, M ., & J ENKIN, N . Birth order and acade mic achievement .J. I ndio. Psy chol., 1967, 23, 103-109.

PALMER, R. D. Birth order and identificat ion. J . consult. Psyc hol., 1966,30, 129-135.

PATTON, W. F., & CLELAND, C. C. Bir th order, sex , and achievement gainof ins ti tu tionalized ret ard at es. Psychol. Rep ., 1966, 19, 327-330.

P RAKASH, J ., & SRIVASTAVA, P. K. The effect of famil y size, economic condi­tio n, and order of birth on adolescen t adj ustment. M anas, 1963,10, 83-88.

R HINE, W . R. Conformity behavior in children as relat ed to socio-economicstatus, birth order, and level of aro us al. Dis s, Abstr., 1966, 27, 295.

RING, K., LIPINS KI, C. E ., & BRAGI NSKY, DOROTHEA. The rel ati onship ofbirth order to self-eva lua tion, anxiety redu ction, and suscep tibility toemo tiona l con t agion. Psyc ho!. Mo nogr., 1965, 79, Whole No. 603, 1-24.

R OSENBERG, B. G., & SUTTON-SMITH, B. T he relat ionship of ordina l positionand sibling sex sta tus to cognitive abilities . Psy chonom. Sci., 1964, I ,81-82.

R OSENFELD, H. Rela tionships of ordi nal position to affiliat ion and achieve­ment mo tives: dir ecti on and generali ty . J . Pers., 1966, 34, 467-479.

SAMP SO N, E. E ., & H ANCOCK, FRAN CENA T. An exa mination of the relation­ship bet ween ordina l posit ion, person ality, and conform ity: an extension,replic ati on , and pa r tia l verificat ion. J. Per. soc. Psychol., 1967,5, 398-4°7.

SCHACHTER, S. Bir th order, eminence and higher education. Amer. sociol.Rev., 1963, 28, 757-768.

SCHACHTER, S. Birth order and sociome tric choic e. J. abnorm, soc. Psyc hol.,1964, 68, 453-456.

SCHMU CK, R. Sex of sibling, birth order positi on, and fem ale dispositions toconform in two-child families. Child Deoelopm., 1963, 34, 913-918.

SCHOOLER, C. Bir th order and hospitalizati on for schizop hrenia. J. abnorm ,soc. Psy chol., 1964, 69, 574-579·

SCH OO LER, C., & P ARTEL, D OROTHY. T he ove r t beh avior of chronic schizo­phren ics and its relat ionship to th eir intern al state and person al history.Psy chiat., 1966, 29,67-77.

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CHARLES HARVEY MILEY

SCHOPLER, E. Birth order and preference between visual and tactual re­cep tors. P ercept . mot. Sk ill s, [966, 22, 74.

SINGER, ELEANOR. Birth or de r, educa tional aspira tions , and ed uca tion alattainment. Di ss, Abstr. , 1967,27, 2638.

SI NG ER, ]. E . The use of manipula tive s tr ategies: M achi avelli ani sm anda t tr ac tiveness . Sociometry , 1964, 27, [2 8-[ 50.

SINGER, J. E., & LAMB, PATRICIA F. Social concern , bod y size , and birthord er. J. soc. Psyc hol., 1966, 68, T43- 151.

SINHA, ]. B. Bir th order and sex differenc es in n-achi evernen t and n-affili a­tion. J . psychol . Res., 1967, II , 22-27.

SMART, R. G. Alco holism , birth order, and famil y size. J. abnorm, soc.P syc hol., T963, 66, l o3- T05.

SMART, R. G. A resp on se to Sprott' s " Use of chi square ." J. abnorm . soc.Psyc hol., 1964, 69,1 ° 3- 1°5.

SMA RT, R . G. Social-group m embershi p, lead ershi p, and birth or der . J .soc. Psycho!., 1965,67, 22T-225.

SMITH, C. M . F amily size in alcoholism. J . abnorm, Psycho!., 1965, 7°, 23°.SMITH, E . E ., & GOODCHILDS, J ACQUELINE D. Som e personality and be­

havioral fa cto rs related to birth order. J . app l. Psychol., )963, 47, 3° 0-3°3.SOLOMON, L., & N UTTALL, R. Sibling order, premorbid adjustment, and

remi ssion in schizophrenia . J. nero. ment , Dis., J 967, [44, 37-46.S PROTT, D. A. Use of ch i squ ar e. J. abnorm. soc. P sych ol., 1964, 69, [01-1 03.STEWA RT, R. H. Birth order and dep endency. J. Pers. soc. Psy chol., 1967,

6, 192-1 94.STONE, L. A. Birth order an d cur ric ular choice. Voc. Guid , !i<-uart., )963, ) 1,

209-2 1 I .

STOT LAND, E. , & DUNN, R. E. Empathy, sel f-es tee m, and birth orde r . J.abnorm, soc. Psychol., 1963, 66, 532-540.

STOTLAND, E., & W ALSH, J. A. Bir th order and an exp erim en tal s tud y ofemp athy . J. abnorm; soc. Psycho!., )963, 66, 6 [0-6 [4.

STRO UP, A. L., & H UNTER, KATHERINE J. Sibling position in th e famil y andperson ality of offspring . J. M arr, Family , )965 , 27,65-68 .

SUEDF ELD, P. Birth order of volunteers for sensory dep rivation. J . abnorm.soc. Psychol., 1964, 68, 195-196.

SUN, L UNG-CHU, & Ko, Y UNG-H o. Ordin al pos i tio n and the behavior ofvisiting th e chi ld guid ance clini c: II. Acta psy cho]. Taiwanica, 1966, 8,92-9 5.

SUNDARARAJ, N., & SRlDHARA, R. RAO. Order of birth an d schizophrenia.Brit. J. Psyc hiat., 1966, 112, 1127-11 29.

SUTTON-SMITH, B., & ROSENBERG, B. G. The dr am atic sibling . Percept.mot. Skills, 1966, 22, 993-99 4.

THE LEN, M. H . The rel at ion shi p of selected v ar iabl es to intra fa milysimila rity of defense pr eferen ces. J . proj, Tech. Pers. Assessm ., 1967,31, 23-27.

TOMAN, W . Choices of m arri age p artners by men com ing from mono­sexual sibling configuratio ns . Brit. J . med, Psy chol., 1964,37,43-4 6.

T SUA NG, MING-Tso. Birth order and matern al age of psychia tr ic in-p atients.Brit. J . Psyc hiat., 1966, 112, 1131-1141.

T UC KMAN, J., & R EGAN, R. A. Ordin al position and beh avior pro blem s inchildren . J. H!th soc. Bebao., 1967, 8, 32-39.

VARELA, J . A. A cross-cultural r eplication of an experi me n t involving birthorder . J . abnorm, soc. P sycho!., 1964, 69,456-4 57.

BIRTH ORDER RESE ARCH J 9 6 3 - I 9 6 7 : B IBLIOGRAPHY AN D I N DE X 69

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1I 6.

1I 8.

VERGER, D. M. A s tudy of th e relati onships of birth orde r to th e develop­ment of inter ests. Diss. /lb str ., J966,26, 5544.

V ERNO N, D. T ., F OLE Y, J EA NNE M., & SCHULMAN, J. L. Effect of mother­child sep ar ation and birth order on yo ung child ren's respon ses to twopo ten ti ally stressful experience s. J . Pers, soc. Psych ol., J967, 5, 162-174.

V UYK, R ITA . Eltern v erg leichen ihre beiden Kinder zum zweiten Mal.( Pare nts com p ar e th eir two ch ildr en for th e seco nd time.) Schweiz. Z.Psyc hol. /lnwend., J963, 22, 220-231.

W ALDROP, MARY F . Effects of family size and densi ty on newborn ch ar­acteris tics . /lmer. J . Orthopsychiat., 1965,3 5, 342 -343 ( Abs tr act ).

W ALKER, C. E., & T AHMISIAN, J. Bir th orde r and s tude n t characteristics :a replic ation. J . consult . Psychol., 1967, 3 r , 219.

W ARD, C. D. A furth er examination of birth order as a selective factoramong volunteer su bj ects. J . abnorm , soc. Psychol., 1964, 69, 3 Il-3 13.

WARREN, ] . R . The effec ts of certain selec tion procedures in forming agroup of hon ors stude n ts . Sp ec. R ep . No. 8, J963 . University of Ne­brask a, Agri culture Ex pe rimen t Station.

WARREN, ]. R . Student cha ra c te ris ti cs asso ciated wi th farm and nonfarmback grounds. Unpublish ed report to th e Research Council, 1964, Uni­versity of Nebrask a.

WARREN,] . R. Birth order and social beh avi or. Psy chol. Bull., 1966, 65,38-49.

WEI NSTEIN, LAURA. Social experience and social schemata. J . Pers . soc.Psychol., 1967, 6, 429-434.

WEI SS, R. L. Some determinants of emitted reinforcing beh av ior: lis tenerreinforcement and birth orde r . J . Pers, soc. Psychol., 1966,3,489-492.

WELLER, G. M. Ar ousal effects on th e newborn infant of being first orlater born. /lmer. J . Orthopsychi at., 1965, 35,341 -342 (Abstract).

WELLER, L. The relation ship of birth order to cohesiven ess . J . soc. Psychol.,1964, 63,249-254,

WILSON, P. R ., PATTERSO N, J . R ., & L YSSO NS, A. M. Sex, birth order andvolunteering beh avi or . /lustral. J . Psy chol., 1966, 18, 158-159.

WOHLFORD, P . E ., & JO NES, M. R. Ordin al posi tion , age, anxiety , anddefens iv en ess in u n wed mothers. Proc. 75th annu, Conu. /lmer. Psychol ./lss., 1967,2, 177-178.

WOLF, A ., & WEI SS, J. H . Birth order, r ecruitment conditions, and volun­teering preference. P aper read at th e Am erican Psychological Association,Philad elphi a, Sep tember, 1963.

WOLF, A., & W EISS, J. H . Bir th order, recruitment conditions, and volun­teering preference. J . Pers, soc. Psych ol., 1965, 2, 269-273 .

WOLKON, G. H ., & LEVINGER, G. Birth order, and need for achievement.Psychol. Rep ., 1965, 16, 73-74.

W UEBEE N, P . L. Honesty of subjects and birth order . J . Pers. soc. Psychol.,1967, 5, 3° 5-3 52.

ZIMBARDO, P ., & FORMICA, R . Emotional comparison and self-esteem asde terminants of affilia tion. J . Pers., 1963, 31,141-162.

CHARLES HARVEY MILEY

INDEX

The num erals following the en tr ies refer to the numbers of the titles in th e

prec eding bibliogr aph y

Ability, cognitive, 66Achievemen t, college, 4, 12, 22, 37, 48,

60, 69,75, 1°4, 106, 107science, 23

Achievement need, II , 49, 67, 78, 11 7Adolescen ce, adj us tment, 63Aesthe tic preference, 30, 33, 34Affilia tion need, 13, 14, 20, 26, 55, 119Alcoholism, 24 45,79, 82Anxiet y, 3, 28, 101, 114Approval motivation, 57Ap titude, scholastic , 5, 6, 7Arous al effects, TTl

Attitude, 47Authoritarianism, 44Child, newborn , ch ar act eristics, 103

pr oblem, 21, 51, 52, 92, 98Cohesiveness, II2Conformi ty, 10, 15, 64, 68, 7 rD efense mechanisms, 95Delinquency, 16D ependency, 83, 86Drawing, I

E mpathy, 88, 89Ext ra-sensory percep tion, 42, 43Frustrati on reacti on, 40Group psychothera py , 31, 32

H andi cap, physi cal, 59Honest y, 1I 8Identific at ion, 61rntelligence, 25

deficiency, 62Leaders hip , 81Lesbianism, 46M anipulation, 76Marriage , age, 58

partner cha rac ter, 54, 96Mo tiv ation p attern s, 56P ain toleranc e, 19, 38Person ality, 8, 35, 50, 90, 102P sychi atric pa tien t, 97R einforcemen t, 39, 110Schizophren ia, 36, 41, 72, 74, 84, 93Self-disclosur e, 27Self-evalu ati on, 65Sensory preference, 73Social behavior, 108Social concern , 77Sociom etri c choice, 2, 70, 109Stat istical problems, 80, 85Suicide, 53Vocat ion choice, 9, 18,87,94, 100Volunteerin g, 17, 29, 91 , 99, 105, 113,

1 [5, 116