bitmap & vector graphics art 100......... fundamentals of graphic design
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BITMAP & VECTOR GRAPHICS
Art 100
. . . . . . . . .Fundamentals of Graphic Design
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All digital graphics done on the computer “think” in one of two major categories known as Bitmap and Vector.
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BITMAP & VECTOR GRAPHICS
There are two main categories of computer imaging, as shown here:
- Vector - Bitmap
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BITMAP & VECTOR GRAPHICS
Vector Text: Smooth when magnified.
Bitmap Text: Jagged when magnified.
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BITMAP GRAPHICSIn bitmap graphics, identical square units, known as pixels, use a network of tiles to build up an entire image. In this example, a magnified image reveals the tile structure.
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BITMAP GRAPHICSIn this photograph, the bitmap black/white image differs greatly from the life-like close-up of the hand. The network of tiles which make up the black/white image are clearly shown.
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BITMAP GRAPHICSBitmap images are “resolution-dependent”, which means a fixed number of pixels per inch (ppi/dpi) influence image quality.
- The more pixels, the more detailed the image. - The fewer pixels, the less detailed the
image.
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BITMAP RESOLUTIONResolution - Number of dots or pixels per inch.
- Dpi - Dots per inch - Print resolution. - Ppi - Pixels per inch - Screen resolution.
72 ppi - Standard Web/screen resolution.
300 dpi - Standard print resolution.
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BITMAP GRAPHICS
In this example of bitmap graphics, the image resolution in the top row, with fewer pixels per inch, shows a lower quality than in the bottom row, where there are more pixels per inch.
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BITMAP GRAPHICS
Bitmap images are also known as “raster.” Photoshop is a bitmap/raster imaging program.
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BITMAP GRAPHICS
In bitmap graphics, each pixel can be independently modified.
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BITMAP GRAPHICS
Photoshop filters take advantage of individual pixel changes.
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BITMAP GRAPHICS
Changes affect different parts of an image as needed.
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BITMAP GRAPHICS
Each pixel interacts easily with pixels on other layers.
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BITMAP GRAPHICSBit depth specifies how much color information is available for each pixel in an image. The more bits, the more available colors.
Bit depth of 1Two possible values: black/white.
Grayscale/Bit depth of 8256 possible gray values.
RGB/Bit depth of 8 in 3 Channels
256 possible Red/Green/Blue values; 16 million possible colors.
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BITMAP FILE FORMATSMost commonly used bitmap file formats are:
- PSD - Native Photoshop file format: “PhotoShop Document.”
- TIFF - For bitmap and fine detail.- PDF - For online viewing:
“Portable Document Format.”- JPG - For photographic images.
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BITMAP GRAPHICSBitmap images often require large amounts of storage space, so are often compressed to keep file sizes down.
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VECTOR GRAPHICS Vector graphics - Made of lines and curves defined by mathematical objects called vectors.
- Can be freely resized or magnified without losing sharpness, because vector graphics are resolution-independent.
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VECTOR GRAPHICSVector graphics are resolution-independent because the number of pixels used to show a vector graphic is determined by computer- screen display or printer resolution, not by the graphic itself.
- This is because avector graphic is notconverted to pixelsuntil it is displayed
or printed.
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VECTOR GRAPHICSVector graphics often include shapes that are:
- Geometric.
- Flat.
- Hard-edged.
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VECTOR GRAPHICS
Vector formats are ideal for logo creation.
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VECTOR FILE FORMATSMost commonly used vector file formats are:
- EPS - For vector graphics. - GIF - For vector & flat shapes.- PDF - For online viewing.
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PRINT GRAPHICSFile Formats for Print Output:
- TIFF - For bitmap & fine detail.
- EPS - For vector prints.
- PDF - For digital mastering.
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WEB GRAPHICSFile Formats for Web Output:
- GIF - For vector & flat shapes.
- JPG - For photographic images.
- PDF - Viewable without software.
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BITMAP & VECTOR GRAPHICSTo create 3D images, polygon shapes derived from vector graphics create a wireframe structure to which a bitmap “skin” is applied.