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Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2006 1 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper- Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing Exec: IBM Corp. imothy L. Beard, Ph. D, Vice-President Student Development & Enrollment –Management, Pasco – Hernando Community College

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Page 1: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and Brown

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2006 1

2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization

Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min.

Retired Marketing Exec: IBM Corp.

Timothy L. Beard, Ph. D, Vice-President Student Development & Enrollment –Management, Pasco – Hernando Community College

Page 2: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2010 2

“…The U.S. is undergoing a profound and deep-rooted metamorphosis in population, culture and the very manner in which business is conducted. This Transformation is producing the greatest Cultural and Economic shift this country has ever known. Our Multi-National Corporate Giants are the nexus of this change, and Global Hyper-Specialization is the new field of play…

Page 3: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownHyper Specialization:

• What is & Why Hyper-Specialization (HBR 8/11)

Harvard ThesisHyper-Specialization refers to the change knowledge workers will undergo as some, or all of

the tasks they currently perform, as part of a single job, get broken up into tiny micro-tasks, and assigned to many workers connected by the Internet.

Thus, the future of education must include specialized courses across the STEM spectrum. The notion that college graduates will get a job working for fortune five hundred

companies and small business right out of college has been thwarted because of the global and local economies. These students in some instances have mounting student

loans and no job prospects more than 18 months after graduation as discussed by selected graduates protesting on Wall Street (The 99%).

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2012 3

Page 4: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownHyper Specialization:

• What is & Why Hyper-Specialization, (Harvard Thesis)

• Medical analogy (Generalist /Specialist)• Differences in compensation• Deeper knowledge, no need for reinvention• In the forest, searching for a particular tree• Looking for a limb > a branch > a leaf• Hyper-Specialized at the leaf level

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2012 4

Page 5: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownCurrent Hot Button Issues:

• Hyper-Specialization… • Cyber Security…• US Corporations Off-Shoring Jobs…• Internet, Social Networks…• Information Networking…

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2012 5

Page 6: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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Hot Button’s Cont’d• Cloud Computing• Job Evolution• Certified Professional workforce

–Certified Information Systems Security Professionals (CISSP), SANS, CISCO

•  What You Will Need to Compete & Win

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2012 6

Page 7: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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Did You Know???

• www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Q75KhAeqJg&feature=fvw

• Need to have a hot link to uTube.

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2012 7

Page 8: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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• The Ingenuity of Stephen Jobs & How he’s Changed the Technological Landscape

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2012 8

Hyper Specialization:

Page 9: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownSocial Networking:

– The ability to hyper-specialize and Operate in different Worlds…

– Google, Facebook, Twitter etc…– Allows one to switch from Natural World, to Cyber World– Create your own Avatar

• make it look like you want it to…– How can you leverage these tools to Hyper-specialize?

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2010 9

Page 11: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownCloud Computing

• Offering IT services and computing as a Utility…• Just download to your application, charging a fee,

for your data in the Cloud @ .50/Gig…• Set up an Enterprise, or Structure @ the same

time…• Gmail, Yahoo, and @#$%^&• This is a vehicle by which Hype-specialist transmit

and receive their tasking, collaboration etc.

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2006 11

Page 12: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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Cloud Computing

Page 13: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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Virtual Worlds

Page 14: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownIncreasing Mobility

Increased mobility allow Hyper-specialization to occur anywhere

Page 15: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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Increasing Mobile Capabilities

Allow Entrepreneurship to conduct business anywhere!

Page 16: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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• Your College Degree Might be Too Little, Too Late

“…University curricula have simply failed to keep pace with the rapid technological change, and the rise of services in the U.S. and other major advanced economies…”

Professor Henry ChesbroughHaas Business School at the University of California, Berkeley.

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2012 16

Hyper Specialization:

Page 17: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2012 17

Hyper Specialization:• What the Global Community “is” Looking For

• Multi-lingual • Speak 1-2 other Languages…

• Comfortable interacting in Global Culture…• Travel Intelligence…

• Non-traditional Workhours…• Know Geography, History and Customs…

Page 18: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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• Your College, and Your Graduate Degree– The New MBA…– The S.S.M.E.– The searching question that is on the mind of every parent of a college student today

is, does my child’s degree measure-up to that which will be needed when he or she graduates? It is a fact that College graduates have long earned more than workers with only a high school diploma. Economists call this differential the college premium. And, a recent study by Georgetown's Center on Education and the Workforce reports that the college premium has increased over the past decade, from 75 to 84 percent. But, during a year of mostly bad economic news, and as never before unprecedented unemployment among college graduates, question is: Can that premium be counted on when today’s student graduates?

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2012 18

Hyper Specialization:

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• Tapping into Your Local GHS Pool– Identify thru Local Chamber or Bus. Journal– Schedule Appointment with Local Exec.– Express desire for Bus. Ent/Univ. Partnership

• After glancing down the technological lens at what’s on the horizon, there is this nagging concern about what the future might hold for those in college with conventional majors looking for that high paying technical job with the IBM and Apple’s of the world. And when candidly viewed, thru the massive, and yet publicly revealed thoughts of our late, great, super technical futuristic thinker, and guru Stephen Jobs, several factors trigger our unease: two of those factors give us a ray of hope and were described in a Harvard Business Review, July , 2011 by Nobel Prize-winning economist Michael Spence. The article: Winning in the Age of Hyper-Specialization.

• Filling the Global Talent Gap WSJ 9/15/07 Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2012 19

Hyper Specialization:

Page 20: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2012 20

Hyper Specialization:• It is of utmost importance that current day college students

become acutely aware of these phenomena as their very careers will be dependent upon it. With Hyper-Specialization becoming a given worldwide, developers of systems and subsystems will be in search of those with highly specialized talents in Cyber Security, Risk Management and Threat Management.

Page 21: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2012 21

Hyper Specialization:• In the new Hyper-Specialized World, instead of shipping code

development from the USA to emerging countries, specialist will be shipping code development from emerging countries to Watson®. Watson is an artificial intelligence computer system, recently publicly introduced on the daily television game show Jeopardy®, and capable of reading 500 thousand books, then answering questions posed in natural language, in micro-seconds. Watson® is developed by an IBM's DeepQA Project

• Business Intelligence- What do you see as avenues of potential opportunities for growth and revenue generation?

Page 22: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2012 22

Hyper Specialization:• Those concerned need to have a entrepreneurial

understanding of the global economy• Master their specialty niche• Market their special skills

Page 23: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2012 23

Business Acumen:• Understanding business and Entrepreneurship• Business Intelligence- What do you see as

avenues of potential opportunities for growth and revenue generation?

Page 24: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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How to Compete & Win• Coding in 2 Programming Languages

– (Java, C# and/ or XML*)• Secure Code Development … • Speak 1-2 other foreign Languages…• Internship Experience…• Mentorships, w/Industry professionals

– real world experience to provide career guidance

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2010 24

Page 25: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownWhat You Will Need to

Compete & Win

• Global Culture Orientation…• Technical Skills…• Soft Skills…• Personal Branding…

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2010 25

Page 26: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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Global Culture/Orientation

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2010 26

Page 27: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownTechnical Skills

• Comp Engineering…• Coding in Multiple Languages (Java, etc)• Web development (2.0> App’s)…• Mobile Apps Development…• Object Oriented Programming…

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2006 27

Page 28: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownSoft Skills & Branding

• Internships…• Mentorship with Industry Professional…• Join a local User Group… Networking…

volunteering for experience…• Insure that your skill-set is viewed as

International…

“…Brand Yourself, or someone else will…”

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2006 28

Page 29: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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The Future is Now!!!

• The Work-Scape is Plenteous…• The Prepared are “Recruited &

Hired”…• The Skill-full are Few…• The Un-Prepared are jobless!!!

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2006 29

Page 30: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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Identity Thief• Has propelled itself to another sphere…• Now, there is…

– Government Theft…– Corporate Theft…– National Security Theft…– Defense Theft (Drones)…– HOW DO YOU FIX IT , HOW DO YOU STOP IT?

• There is a career track here

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2010 30

Page 31: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2006 31

• Cyber Attacks against the US on the rise -– Google has a problem with China

hacking her systems…– The Whitehouse, has a problem with

Korea hacking her systems…– Russia is always trying to hack US

Gov’t. and industry systems– Through social engineering, social

networking,

Page 32: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownProblem(s)!!!

• How do you make $$ in the Cyber world?

• Avatar has no currency, they’ve got plenty people, and customers, but no money…

• Furthermore: People don’t trust their data out there to others…Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2010 32

Page 33: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and Brown• Today it’s Free because Advertisers are

paying the bill…

• But in the soon future we will pay for it on a monthly basis…– (i.e. electric, water, cable monthly fee)

 • Impediments: People don’t trust their

data out there to others…Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2010 33

Page 34: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownOwnership Issues

• Loading up Applications, who owns the data…

• Facebook, or you…

• Intellectual Property Issues…

 Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2010 34

Page 35: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownA New War

• Not in Iraq, Afghanistan, nor Korea…• It’s in Cyberspace!!!• Penetrating CentCom, or #$%^Com, you

can– Move troops…– Move Money from Banks on Wall St…– Change Power Grids: No Water, Lights, or

Power, etc…– That’s worst than being Bombed…

•  Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2010 35

Page 36: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownNew Question & Reality

• The New Question is: Which War do You want to Fight? Ground, or Cyber???

• Today, you can earn a College degree and go into the Armed Forces as an Officer….

• Soon, you’ll be able to earn a degree, and/or Certification, and enter Cloud Computing as an Officer…

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2006 36

Page 37: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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The Job Evolution• Beginning of Times (Agrarian Careers)• Industrial Revolution• Birth of Career Development Theories• World War I & II

1950’s GI Bill implementation push • 1950-2000: Office…• 2000-2009 Home…• 2010- Office in a cubicle with

lots of others…• Today Doing IT Assembly Work

(piece work)…

 

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2010 37

Page 38: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownWhy???

• High Labor Cost w/ excessive Over Time…

 • Same job to team in a BRIC Nation…

 • But labor is hard to complete…• Is greater in less time…

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2010 38

Page 39: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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The New Cycle• Office –to- Tele Compute –to- Home

Office –to- CoLocation…• Like people doing like jobs in same

Location…• Sounds like a Sweat Shop???

»It is!!!•  

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2010 39

Page 40: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownWhy???

• Productivity is > in the Office than @ home…

• Don’t know if you’re watching TV, Playing Games, or Sleeping…

• Now, work is dispatched to you..• You only do what’s dispatched to you…• It’s assembly line piece work…

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2010 40

Page 41: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownCo-Locations

• Popping up everywhere…

Dubuque, Iowa…

Salt Lake City, Utah…

Minot, N.D.•  Locations are typically where there is a

University with lots of Students, and affordable Real Estate…

•  Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2010 41

Page 42: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownCertified Information Sys Security Professional

• CISSP:• Getting people in the pipe-line with a

degree (BS) as an Assoc CISSP until they get the requisite on-the-job experience to qualify for full-blown CISSP…

• They will need Internships, and join Local User Groups to gain Industry knowledge…

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2010 42

Page 43: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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What the Multi-Nationals Want

• Knowledge Workers: • People who understand Computers,

Engineering, Cyber etc.• Technical Ability to Configure

Equip…

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2010 43

Page 44: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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How to Compete & Win• Coding in 2 Programming Languages

– (Java, C# and/ or XML*)• Secure Code Development … • Speak 1-2 other foreign Languages…• Internship Experience…• Mentorships, w/Industry professionals

– real world experience to provide career guidance

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2012 44

Page 45: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownWhat You Will Need to

Compete & Win

• Global Culture Orientation…• Technical Skills…• Soft Skills…• Personal Branding…

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2012 45

Page 46: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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Global Culture/Orientation• Speak 1-2 other Languages…• Comfortable interacting in Global

Culture…• Travel Intelligence…• Work, non-traditional hours…• Know Geography, History and Customs…

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2012 46

Page 47: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownTechnical Skills

• Computer Engineering…• Coding in Multiple Languages (Java, etc)• Web development (2.0> App’s)…• Mobile Apps Development…• Object Oriented Programming…

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2012 47

Page 48: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownSoft Skills & Branding

• Internships…• Mentorship with Industry Professional…• Join a local User Group… Networking…

volunteering for experience…• Insure that your skill-set is viewed as

International…

“…Brand Yourself, or someone else will…”

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2006 48

Page 49: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2006 49

“…University curricula have simply failed to keep pace with the rapid technological change, and the rise of services in the U.S. and other major advanced economies…”

Professor Henry ChesbroughHaas Business School at the University of California, Berkeley.

Page 50: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2006 50

The Global Fact(s)• Our global neighbors have invested more in their

education systems, and our aging workforce places the needed skills outside the U.S.…

• They produce a more skilled and talented work pool…

• To gain competitive advantage, a Globally Integrated Enterprise is our best option…

• It’s not just Right, it’s Smart!!!!

Page 51: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

Black and BrownThe Future of Work in North

America• Tomorrow’s employers will put a

premium on skilled and semi-skilled workers, especially in computers, health care, science and technology.

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2006 51

Page 52: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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The most sought-after corporate IT workers in 2012 may be those with no deep-seated technical skills at all. The nuts-and-bolts programming and easy-to-document support jobs will have all gone to third-party providers in the U.S. or abroad. Instead, IT departments will be populated with “versatilists”, those with a technology background who also know the business sector inside and out, can architect and carry out IT plans that will add business value, and can cultivate relationships both inside and outside the company.

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2010 52

Page 53: Black and Brown Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 20061 2015 & Beyond: The Era of Global Hyper-Specialization Rev. Arthur T. Jones, D. Min. Retired Marketing

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• Sally Lerner, • Faculty of Environmental Studies,

University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2006 53

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Copyright © Arthur T. Jones 2006 54

How Bright is the Future???

“…an additional 2.2 million people will be needed in Information Technology-related professions by 2010. The demand is building up, but the supply isn’t building up fast enough…”

– Gina Poole, V.P. IBM Academic Initiative May, 2005