black holes i (136.028)quark.itp.tuwien.ac.at/~grumil/pdf/outlook_bh_i_2018.pdf · 2018-01-16 ·...

Black Holes I (136.028)Summary of this semester & Outlook into next semester

Daniel Grumiller

Institute for Theoretical PhysicsVienna University of Technology

http://quark.itp.tuwien.ac.at/∼grumil/teaching.shtml

[email protected]

Outline

Overview of past lectures

Outlook into next semester and beyond

Literature

Organizational issues

D. Grumiller — Black Holes I 2/20

Outline

Literature

D. Grumiller — Black Holes I Overview of past lectures 3/20

Why Study Black Holes?

Depending whom you ask you’ll hear:I General Relativist: because they are unavoidableI Mathematician: because they are interestingI Science Fiction Writer: because they are coolI Astrophysicist: because they explain the dataI String Theoretician: because they hold the key to quantum gravityI Particle Physicist: because they might be produced at LHCI Cosmologist: because they existI Numerical Relativist: because they present challenge for coding skillsI Nuclear Physicist: because they are dual to a strongly coupled plasmaI Condensed Matter Physicist: because we can produce them in the labI Gravitational Wave Experimentalist: because we need to understand

black holes to provide templates for gravitational wave detection

Black holes arise in different branches of physics!

Why Study Black Holes?

Depending whom you ask you’ll hear:I General Relativist: because they are unavoidableI Mathematician: because they are interestingI Science Fiction Writer: because they are coolI Astrophysicist: because they explain the dataI String Theoretician: because they hold the key to quantum gravityI Particle Physicist: because they might be produced at LHCI Cosmologist: because they existI Numerical Relativist: because they present challenge for coding skillsI Nuclear Physicist: because they are dual to a strongly coupled plasmaI Condensed Matter Physicist: because we can produce them in the labI Gravitational Wave Experimentalist: because we need to understand

black holes to provide templates for gravitational wave detection

Black holes arise in different branches of physics!

Down-to-earth motivation: understand the physics of this...

Black Holes IMain goal was: Introduction to black hole physics

Topics covered in this course:

1. History of black holes

2. Phenomenology of and experiments with black holes

3. Gravitational collapse and Chandrasekhar limit

4. Metric and geodesic equation

5. Geodesics for Schwarzschild black holes

6. Curvature and basics of differential geometry

7. Hilbert action and Einstein equations

8. Spherically symmetric black holes and Birkhoff theorem

9. Rotating black holes: the Kerr solution

10. Geodesics for Kerr black holes

11. Accretion disks and black hole observations

12. Black hole analogs in condensed matter physics

Milestones in Pre-History

I O.C. Rømer (1676): speed of light finiteI I. Newton (1686): gravity law

Fr = −GN

I J. Michell (1783): “all light emitted from such a body would be madeto return towards it by its own proper gravity”

I P.S. Laplace (1796): Exposition du systeme du Monde (“dark stars”)I T. Young (1801): interference experiments confirm Huygen’s theory

of the wave nature of light; Newton’s theory of light is dead, and soare dark stars

I A. Einstein (1905): Special relativityI A. Einstein (1915): General relativity (GR)I K. Schwarzschild (1916): First exact solution of GR is a black hole!I S. Chandrasekhar (1931): Gravitational collapse of Fermi gasI M. Kruskal; G. Szekeres (1960): Global structure of Schwarzschild

Milestones in the Classic Era

I R. Kerr (1963): Exact (and essentially unique) rotating (and charged)black hole solution sparks interest of astrophysics community

I Cygnus X-1 (1964): first detection of X-ray emission from a blackhole in a binary system (though realized only in 1970ies that it mightbe black hole; conclusive evidence only in 1990ies)

I J. Wheeler (December 1967): Invention of the term “Black Hole”I S. Hawking and R. Penrose (1970): Black holes contain singularitiesI J. Bekenstein (1972): Speculation that black holes might have

entropyI N.I. Shakura and R.A. Sunyaev (1972): First accretion disk modelI J. Bardeen, B. Carter and S. Hawking (1973): Four laws of black hole

mechanicsI S. Hawking (1974): Black holes evaporate due to quantum effectsI W. Unruh (1981): Black hole analogs in condensed matter physicsI R. Jackiw, S. Deser, C. Teitelboim et al. (1982): Gravity in lower

dimensions

Milestones in the Modern Era

I E. Witten et al. (1984): First superstring revolutionI M. Banados, C. Teitelboim and J. Zanelli (1992): Black holes in three

dimensionsI M. Choptuik (1993): Critical collapse in numerical relativityI G. ’tHooft and L. Susskind (1993): Holographic principleI H.-P. Nollert; N. Andersson (1992): Quasinormal modes of a

“ringing” Schwarzschild black holeI J. Polchinski (1995): p-branes and second superstring revolutionI A. Strominger and C. Vafa (1996): Microscopic origin of black hole

entropyI J. Maldacena (1997): AdS/CFT correspondenceI S. Dimopoulos and G.L. Landsberg; S.B. Giddings and S. Thomas

(2001): Black holes at the LHC?I Saggitarius A∗ (2002): Supermassive black hole in center of Milky

WayI R. Emparan and H. Reall (2002): Black rings in five dimensions

Recent Milestones

I S. Hawking (2004): concedes bet on information paradox — end of“black hole wars”

I P. Kovtun, D. Son and A. Starinets (2004): Viscosity in stronglyinteracting Quantum Field Theories from black hole physics

I F. Pretorius (2005): Breakthrough in numerical treatment of binaryproblem

I C. Barcelo, S. Liberati, and M. Visser (2005): “Analogue gravity”I J.E. McClintock et al. (2006): Measuring of spin of GRS1915+105

— nearly extremal Kerr black hole!I E. Witten (2007) and W. Li, W. Song and A. Strominger (2008):

Quantum gravity in three dimensions?I S. Gubser; S. Hartnoll, C. Herzog and G. Horowitz (2008):

“Holographic superconductors”I D. Son; K. Balasubramanian and J. McGreevy (2008): Black hole

duals for cold atoms proposedI O. Lahav, A. Itah, A. Blumkin, C. Gordon, and J. Steinhauer (2009):

Sonic black hole in Bose-Einstein condensateD. Grumiller — Black Holes I Overview of past lectures 10/20

Outline

Literature

D. Grumiller — Black Holes I Outlook into next semester and beyond 11/20

Pre-requisites for lectures next semester

Pre-requisites:

Black holes I

Working knowledge of general relativity

A lot of time...

Pre-requisites:

Black holes I

A lot of time...

Pre-requisites:

Black holes I

A lot of time...

Where, when, how?

I Each Tuesday, starting March 6, 9:00am-11:00am (exceptions will beannounced), probably hereAnnouncements athttp://quark.itp.tuwien.ac.at/∼grumil/teaching.shtml

I about 1.5 hours lecture + time for discussion of exercises + 5minutes break

I 3.0 ECTS, Wahlfachkataloge A (Theoretische und MathematischePhysik) & B (Atomare und Subatomare Physik)

I Credits: by completing at least 66% of the exercises or by oral exam

I Optional: oral exam for better grade or if you have questions

I Outlook: Projektarbeit Black Hole Physics

I Further outlook: Master, PhD

Where, when, how?

Black Holes IIMain goal: Deeper understanding of BH theory and recent results in BH physics

Topics covered in that course:

I Definition and global structure of black holes

I Singularity theorems

I Gravitational waves and black hole mergers

I The four laws of black hole mechanics

I Gedankenexperiments and black hole thermodynamics

I Hawking effect, black hole evaporation and information paradox

I Black holes in anti-de Sitter space and Hawking-Page phase transition

I Variational principle and holographic renormalization

I Cartan formulation

I Gravity in lower dimensions

I Introduction to AdS/CFT

I Possibly selected recent research topics

Outline

Literature

D. Grumiller — Black Holes I Literature 15/20

Webpages and popular material

I Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black holeI Black Holes: Gravity’s Relentless Pull

hubblesite.org/explore astronomy/black holes/I All About Black Holes www.space.com/blackholes/I Virtual Trips to Black Holes and Neutron Stars

antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/rjn bht.htmlI Many artistic pictures: just search images “black holes” with

www.google.comI Black Holes and Time Warps: Einstein’s Outrageous Legacy

(K.S. Thorne, 1994, W.W. Norton, New York)I Black Hole Physics: Basic Concepts and New Developments

(V.P. Frolov and I.D. Novikov, 1998, Springer, New York)I Gravity’s Fatal Attraction: Black Holes in the Universe

(M. Begelmann and M. Rees, 1995, Scientific American Library, NewYork)

I Was Einstein Right? Putting General Relativity to the Test(C.M. Will, 1993, BasicBooks, New York)

Textbooks and Lecture Notes

I Notes on Relativity and Cosmology, (D. Marolf,http://www.physics.ucsb.edu/∼marolf/MasterNotes.pdf)

I Gravitation und Kosmologie, (R.U. Sexl and H.K. Urbantke,Gravitation und Kosmologie, 1987, Wissenschaftsverlag,Mannheim/Wien/Zurich)

I General Relativity, (R. Wald, 1984, U. Chicago Press, Chicago)I Gravitation, (C. Misner, K.S. Thorne and J.A. Wheeler, 1973,

W.H. Freeman and Co., New York)I Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the

General Theory of Relativity (S. Weinberg, 1972, John Wiley, NewYork)

I The large scale structure of space-time, (S.W. Hawking andG.F.R. Ellis, 1973, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)

I Accretion Power in Astrophysics (J. Frank, A. King and D. Raine,2002, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)

I Active galactic nuclei: from the central black hole to the galacticenvironment (J. Krolik, 1998, Princeton University Press, Princeton)

Outline

Literature

D. Grumiller — Black Holes I Organizational issues 18/20

Grades and oral examsContact: [email protected]

I If you are happy with the grade on the list just relax

I If you are not happy with the grade you must let me know today —otherwise you’ll get a certificate with the grade as given on the list

I There are two kinds of oral exams you can take1. Oral exams to upgrade your grade — if you miss a better grade bya margin (2 points or less) you can take a short exam, and dependingon the outcome get a better or the same grade as before2. Oral exams to replace the exercises — if you miss the grade youwant by more than 2 points you can take a long exam, and dependingon the outcome you get a grade 1-5

I Short exams consist of questions related to the exercises that yousubmitted (regardless of what you scored on them) — you will berequired to re-calculate at least one of these exercises

I Long exams consist of several questions that you are supposed toanswer on the black board — the range of questions is not restrictedto the exercises, but also to the theoretical results developed duringthe lectures

I If you are happy with the grade on the list just relaxI If you are not happy with the grade you must let me know today —

otherwise you’ll get a certificate with the grade as given on the list

I There are two kinds of oral exams you can take1. Oral exams to upgrade your grade — if you miss a better grade bya margin (2 points or less) you can take a short exam, and dependingon the outcome get a better or the same grade as before2. Oral exams to replace the exercises — if you miss the grade youwant by more than 2 points you can take a long exam, and dependingon the outcome you get a grade 1-5

otherwise you’ll get a certificate with the grade as given on the listI There are two kinds of oral exams you can take

1. Oral exams to upgrade your grade — if you miss a better grade bya margin (2 points or less) you can take a short exam, and dependingon the outcome get a better or the same grade as before2. Oral exams to replace the exercises — if you miss the grade youwant by more than 2 points you can take a long exam, and dependingon the outcome you get a grade 1-5

I Long exams consist of several questions that you are supposed toanswer on the black board — the range of questions is not restrictedto the exercises, but also to the theoretical results developed duringthe lecturesD. Grumiller — Black Holes I Organizational issues 19/20

See you in March!

... and happy Semester vacations!

[email protected]

black holes i (136.028)quark.itp.tuwien.ac.at/~grumil/pdf/outlook_bh_i_2018.pdf · 2018-01-16 ·...

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