Black Jazz

The Superior School of Commerce “Nicolae Kretzulescu”

Teacher

Coordinator :

Prof. Cuatu Georgeta

Student :

Vladuta Denisa

12 F

Bucharest

- 2011 -

Table of contents

• Introduction• The Jazz know-how• The Black Beginnings• Nowadays• The artists and their

world• Impact on society• Conclusions• Bibliography

Introduction

• “Jazz is a mental attitude rather than a style. It uses a certain process of the mind expressed spontaneously through some musical instrument.” — Bill Evans

The Jazz know-how• Jazz is a music genre that originated at the beginning of the20th century in African American communities in the SouthernUnited States.

• Jazz is often characterized as the product of egalitarian creativity, interaction and collaboration, placing equal value on the contributions of composer and performer.

• Jazz is composed primarily of four musical elements: melody, harmony, rhythm and tone colour.

The Black Beginning

• By 1808 the Atlantic slave trade had brought almost half amillion Africans to the United States.

• The slaves largely came from West Africa and brought strongtribal musical traditions with them. • The African tradition made use of a single-line melody and call-and-response pattern.

• 1890s–1910s New Orleans music

• 1920s and 1930s The Jazz Age

Swing European Jazz

• 1940s and 1950s Dixieland revival Bebop Cool Jazz Hard bob Modal Jazz Free Jazz

Nowadays

• In 1987, the US House of Representatives and Senate passed a bill todefine jazz as a unique form of American music stating, among otherthings, "...that jazz is hereby designated as a rare and valuable nationalAmerican treasure to which we should devote our attention, support andresources to make certain it is preserved, understood and promulgated."

1980s–2010s

• Traditionalist and Experimental divide• Smooth jazz • Acid jazz, nu jazzand jazz rap • Punk jazz and jazzcore

The artists & their world

Louis

Armstrong

Duke Ellington

Charlie Parker

Miles Davis

Count Basie

Ella

Fitzgerarld

Nina Simone

Coleman Sarah Hawkins Vaughan

Herbie Hancock

Impact on society

• “Jazz does not belong to one race or culture, but is a gift that America has given the world.”

— Allan Jaffe

Conclusions

• “Jazz is an intensified feeling of nonchalance.”

- unknown

• “Jazz is…an open-ended music designed for open minds.” - unknown

• “Jazz is…one of life’s greatest gifts : fun found within surprise.”

- unknown

Bibliography Schmitt Karl Heinz — “Pieces of Jazz in Black and Colour” Fitzgerald F. Scott — “Tales of the jazz age” Dempsey J. Travis — “An autobiography of Black Jazz”

Jazz Foundations of America — — www.jazzfoundation.org

Online encyclopedia — — www.wikipedia.org/jazz

Movie — “ROUND MIDNIGHT” — 1986 — directed by Bertrand Tavernier