bleeding & dressing
TRANSCRIPT
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SPS321SPORTS INJURY &
EMERGENCY CARE
Mohd Fadzil b. Hj. KamarudinSR113 UiTM/INSTEDT
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Bleeding & Shock
Bleeding refers to the loss of blood from the
circulatory system either internally or externally
Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood
cells, plasma and blood platelets
Blood pressure can be measured by the pulse
You can measure a persons pulse at the following
pulse points
radial artery (wrist)
carotid artery (neck)
brachial artery (arm)
femoral artery (groin)
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Bleeding & Shock
The severity of bleeding will depend on
How fast the blood is flowing in the blood vessel
The size of the blood vessel
Whether the vessel is a vein or an artery Where the bleeding originated
The victims age and weight
Whether the bleeding is disrupting/threatening respiration
Any type of uncontrollable arterial or venousbleeding MUST be considered life threatening.
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Bodys Response to Blood Loss
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Bleeding & Shock
There are two types of bleeding
External bleeding
Internal bleeding
Whether external or internal, bleeding should be
treated seriously as it can lead to shock or
hypoperfusion
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Three Types of External Bleeding
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External Bleeding
First Aid for external bleeding
Send for medical assistance
Cover wound with sterile gauze
Apply direct pressure over the wound with your hand.Pressure should be firm and this may cause slight
discomfort to the athlete
Elevate injured part
Monitor ABCs and give CPR if necessary
T
reat for shock if necessary If blood flow does not reduce, compress the main artery
that supplies the blood to that injured area
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External Bleeding
Remember! DO NOT
Pull out any embedded objects
Remove blood soaked bandages from wound.This may
cause bleeding to start again
Aspirin or pain killers to athlete. This may cause increased
bleeding
Be afraid of blood borne pathogens like HIV, hepatitis B.
Use gloves and a surgical mask if necessary
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Controlling Bleeding Pressure Points
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Controlling Bleeding
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Controlling Bleeding
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Controlling Bleeding
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Controlling Bleeding
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Controlling Bleeding
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Controlling Bleeding
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Controlling Bleeding - Neck
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Controlling Bleeding - Neck
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Controlling Bleeding - Neck
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Controlling Bleeding - Neck
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Examples of Dressing and Bandaging
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Examples of Dressing and Bandaging
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Examples of Dressing and Bandaging
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Examples of Dressing and Bandaging
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Examples of Dressing and Bandaging
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Examples of Dressing and Bandaging
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Internal Bleeding
While internal bleeding is not as obvious as externalbleeding, it is caused by blunt trauma, abnormalclotting in the body, rupture of a blood vessel, orbone fractures
Severe internal bleeding can lead to shock and evendeath
First Aid for internal bleeding Check athletes ABCs
Give oxygen where available
Control any external bleeding Apply ice or cold compress to help relieve pain and reduce
swelling. Apply pressure if the bruising is large
Splint any painful, swollen or deformed extremities
Immediate transportation to medical facility
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Internal Bleeding
Signs of Internal Bleeding
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Shock
When injured or sick, the body may shut down bloodflow (and therefore oxygen) to the extremities and
skin in an effort to save the vital organs
Damage may occur if tissues do not get enough
blood and oxygen for along period of time.T
his iscalled shock
Types of shock
Hemorrhagic shock - Metabolic shock
Neurogenic shock - Septic shock
Psychogenic shock - Anaphylactic shock
Cardiogenic shock - Hypovolemic shock
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Shock
An injured athlete may be at risk of suffering shock if
he or she
Has low pain tolerance
Emotional
Tired
Dehydrated
Over exposed to heat or cold
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Shock
Symptoms of shock
Dizziness and/or nausea
Fatigue and /or weakness
Thirst
Signs of shock Scared or restless appearance
Weak and rapid pulse
Cool and clammy skin
Sweating
Dilated pupils
Shallow, rapid breathing
Pale skin
Bluish lips and fingernails
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Shock
First Aid for shock Send for EMS
Position athlete appropriately. A conscious athlete with
normal pulse and breathing, and no suspected head or
spine injury, should lie face up with the feet elevated
An unconscious athlete with normal pulse and breathing,
and no suspected head or spine injury, should lie on the
side to allow fluids to drain from the mouth (recovery
position)
An athlete with a possible head or spine injury should lie
face up and flat on the ground Maintain normal temperature. Do not cover an athlete who is
already hot. However, do protect an athlete who is exposed
to cold temperatures
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Shock
Treat for bleeding and other injuries
Monitor ABCs and give CPR when necessary
Reassure athlete
To decrease the chance of shock occuring, monitor any sick
or injured athlete for signs of shock.
Remember! DO NOT
Elevate feet or head of athlete you suspect to have head or
spinal injuries. Stabilize the head and neck of the athlete
Give fluids or food to the athlete Cover an athlete who is already warm
Elevate the feet if the athlete has trouble breathing. Elevate
the head instead.
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Any questions?