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Bleeding Tendency Bleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Hemostatic defect Platelet defect Platelet defect Vascular defect Vascular defect -Scurvy Scurvy Coagulation defect Coagulation defect -Hemophilia A,B Hemophilia A,B -HDN, IVKDI HDN, IVKDI Thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia - ITP ITP Dysfunction Dysfunction - APDE APDE R/O local cause

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Page 1: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Bleeding TendencyBleeding Tendency

Hemostatic defectHemostatic defect

Platelet defectPlatelet defectVascular defectVascular defect--Scurvy Scurvy

Coagulation defectCoagulation defect--Hemophilia A,BHemophilia A,B--HDN, IVKDIHDN, IVKDI

ThrombocytopeniaThrombocytopenia-- ITP ITP

DysfunctionDysfunction-- APDEAPDE

R/O local cause

Page 2: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Outline

• How to recruit patient with bleeding disorder?

• Laboratory diagnosis for bleeding disorders

• Example of patients who need special treatment and care.

Page 3: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Outline

• How to recruit patient with bleeding disorder?

• Laboratory diagnosis for bleeding disorders

• Example of patients who need special treatment and care.

Page 4: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Number of Patients with Hemophilia and Von Willebrand Disease During Year 1995-2005

050

100150200250300350400

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Numb

er Von Willebrand diseaseHemophilia

Page 5: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Approach to Bleeding

• Detailed history

• Careful physical examination

-Family history-Types of bleeding-Severity of bleeding-Medical history

-Sites of bleeding-Severity of bleeding

Page 6: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Hospital for Sick Children (HSC) Criteria

Recurrence mucocutaneous bleeding history requires any1 of the following:

– Recurrent nose bleeds requiring medical treatment or leading to anemia

– Oral cavity bleeding lasting for at least ½ h. or restarting over the next 7 d. or requiring medical treatment

– Skin laceration bleeding lasting for at least ½ h. or restarting over the next 7 d. or requiring medical treatment

– Menorrhagia requiring medical attention or leading to anemia– Prolonged bleeding associated with dental extraction or other

oral surgery– Spontaneous GI hemorrhage requiring medical attention or

leading to anemia, unexplained by local cause– Prolonged bleeding from other skin or mucous membrane (eg,

eye, ear, respiratory, GU tract

Hedlund-Treutiger I. J Ped Hematol Oncol. 2004

Page 7: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

PBAC SCORINGPBAC SCORING

Pads:Pads: Lightly soiledLightly soiled 11

Moderately Moderately soiledsoiled

55

SaturatedSaturated 2020

Tampons:Tampons: Lightly soiledLightly soiled 11

Moderately Moderately soiledsoiled

55

SaturatedSaturated 1010

Clots:Clots: Small (size of a Small (size of a nickel or smaller)nickel or smaller)

11

Large (larger Large (larger than a nickel)than a nickel)

55

Flooding:Flooding: No score No score assignedassigned

Pictorial Bleeding Assessment Score

Page 8: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Relationship between scores and duration of menstruation

Menstrual scores in carriers of haemophilia A, B, vWD, FXI deficiency and controls.

Kadir A Haemophilia. 1999

Page 9: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Fixed drug eruption

Child abuse

Differential Diagnosis

Page 10: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Outline

• How to recruit patient with bleeding disorder?

• Laboratory diagnosis for bleeding disorders

• Example of patients who need special treatment and care.

Page 11: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Outline

• How to recruit patient with bleeding disorder?

• Laboratory diagnosis for bleeding disorders– Screening test for bleeding disorder– Diagnosis from blood smear.– Other Laboratories in bleeding disorders

• Example of patients who need special treatment and care.

Page 12: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Screening Tests For Hemostasis•CBC platelet count, peripheral smear•Bleeding time•VCT, mixing VCT•Coagulogram

-Prothrombin time-Activated partial thromboplastin time-Thrombin time-Fibrinogen

•Euglobulin lysis time

Page 13: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Laboratory Investigation of Endothelium and PlateletTourniquet test Bleeding timeBleeding time

Page 14: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Mixing Venous Clotting Time

Page 15: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history
Page 16: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Interpretation1

เลือดผูปวย2

เลือดผูปวย+ ขวด A(Normal plasma)

3เลือดผูปวย+ ขวด B

(B deficiency plasma)

4เลือดผูปวย+ ขวด C (A deficiency plasma)

การแปลผล

>15 นาที 4.5 นาที 4 นาที >25 นาที Hemophilia A

Page 17: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Coagulation Testing

Page 18: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Outline

• How to recruit patient with bleeding disorder?

• Laboratory diagnosis for bleeding disorders– Screening test for bleeding disorder– Diagnosis from blood smear.– Other Laboratories in bleeding disorders

• Example of patients who need special treatment and care.

Page 19: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history
Page 20: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history
Page 21: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history
Page 22: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history
Page 23: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history
Page 24: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history
Page 25: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Outline

• How to recruit patient with bleeding disorder?

• Laboratory diagnosis for bleeding disorders– Diagnosis from blood smear.– Other Laboratories in bleeding disorders

• Example of patients who need special treatment and care.

Page 26: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Specific Factor Assay

Page 27: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

จิรารัตน

Ch.1 COLL 10.0 g/mL 0.102 0.393 7.3 567 sec 5.3 3.8 395 secCh.2 RIST 1.2 mg/mL 0.091 0.400 88.6 388 sec 59.4 N/A 3 secCh.3 ADP 5.0 M 0.089 0.497 34.1 62 sec 49.7 N/A 3 secCh.4 EPN 5.0 M 0.116 0.423 2.7 264 sec N/A 4.3 4 sec

CH No. REAG. Lot# REAG. CONC. UNIT PPP PRP MAX % MAX TIME SLP1 SLP2 LAG

0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600

Time (seconds)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

-10

Platelet Aggregation Assays 16:34 4-22-2004Patient Name : Jirarat

PACDS-4 PATIENT REPORTRAMATHIBODI HOSPITAL

CLINICAL PATHOLOGYLABORATORY HEMATOLOGY

COLL

RIST

ADP

EPN

Platelet Aggregation Study

Page 28: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Multimer Analysis

Page 29: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Linkage Analysis

+/- +/-

-

+

Patie

nt

Fath

er

Mot

her

Page 30: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Outline

• How to recruit patient with bleeding disorder?

• Laboratory diagnosis for bleeding disorders– Diagnosis from blood smear.– Other Laboratories in bleeding disorders

• Example of patients who need special treatment and care.

Page 31: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history
Page 32: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

After treatment with 3 doses off Vincristine 1 year

Hemangioendothelioma

Page 33: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history
Page 34: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Recommended Plasma Factor Level and Duration

ชนิดของอาการเลือดออกชนิดของอาการเลือดออก ระดับปจจัยการแข็งตัวของเลือด ระดับปจจัยการแข็งตัวของเลือด (%)(%)จุดเริ่มตนจุดเริ่มตน ระดับตํ่าสุดที่ยอมรับไดระดับตํ่าสุดที่ยอมรับได

11. . เลือดออกที่กลามเน้ือ การเย็บแผลหัตถการทางทันตกรรมเลือดออกที่กลามเน้ือ การเย็บแผลหัตถการทางทันตกรรม 2020--3030 --22. . เลือดออกในกลามเน้ือขนาดใหญ เลือดออกในกลามเน้ือขนาดใหญ ((ยกเวน ยกเวน iliopsoas) iliopsoas)

เลือดออกในขอ ปสสาวะเปนเลือด แผลฉีดลึกเลือดออกในขอ ปสสาวะเปนเลือด แผลฉีดลึก4040--6060 2020--3030

((นาน นาน 33--77 วันวัน))

33. . ผาตัดขนาดเล็กถึงปานกลาง เชน ผาตัดไสต่ิงอักเสบ ผาตัดขนาดเล็กถึงปานกลาง เชน ผาตัดไสต่ิงอักเสบ เลือดออกในสมองเลือดออกในสมอง, , ทางเดินอาหารทางเดินอาหาร, , ลําคอลําคอ, , อวัยวะสําคัญ อวัยวะสําคัญ และ และ iliopsoas)iliopsoas)

8080--100100 4040--5050((11--2 2 สัปดาห หรือจนแผลหายสัปดาห หรือจนแผลหาย))

44. . ผาตัดขนาดใหญ เชน ผาตัดขอหรือผาตัดสมองผาตัดขนาดใหญ เชน ผาตัดขอหรือผาตัดสมอง 8080--100100 4040--5050((นาน นาน 11--22 สัปดาห หรือจนแผลหายสัปดาห หรือจนแผลหาย))

Page 35: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Comprehensive Care

Diagnosis

Identified carriers InfectiousScreening Complete Vaccination

Counseling

Treatment

•Prophylaxis•On demand•Dental check up•Physiotherapy•Inhibitor screening

Hepatitis A

•HepatitisA, B, C•HIVevery 6-12 m.

•Linkage analysis: RFLP, VNTR, dinucleotide repeat•Sequencing•Microarray

Page 36: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Further Investigations and Education

Page 37: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Educational Package

Page 38: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Rehabilitation

Page 39: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Dental Care

Page 40: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

Conclusion

• History is the most important for the diagnosis of bleeding disorder.

• Patients with mild bleeding disorder may have normal screening test

• The treatments include: medication, replacement therapy and comprehensive care

Page 41: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history

- Prof. Ampaiwan Chuansumrit

- Prof. Parttraporn Isarangkura

- Assoc. Prof. Pantep Angchaisuksiri

- Assist Prof. Pansak Sugkraroek

- Assoc. Prof. Suradej Hongeng

- Assist Prof. Samart Pakakasama

- Assist. Prof. Monratta Panuwannakorn

- Assist. Prof. Pimpan Kitpoka

- Dr. Monthon Suwannurak

- Dr. Nantana Sriudomporn

- Dr. Monthon Suwannurak

- Dr. Nantana Sriudomporn

- Mr. Werasak Sasanakul

- Ms. Pakaimas Bintadit

- Mrs. Sukanya Chotsuppakarn

- Ms. Praguywan Kadegasem

- Ms. Saranya Rurjkhum

- Ms. Kesanee Kuhathong

- Ms. Pakawan Wongwerawattanakoon

- Ms. Wattanee Chairak

- Staff from Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine

- Orthopedics, Surgery, Rehabilitation, Nursing, Anesthesiology, Radiology, Dental & Social Welfare

AcknowledgementAcknowledgement

Page 42: Bleeding Tendency - mtcouncil.org Tendency.pdfBleeding Tendency Hemostatic defect Vascular defect Platelet defect-Scurvy Coagulation defect ... Approach to Bleeding •Detailed history