blogs, rss, semantic web: a perspective marco brandizi gives_presentation fermo, 25 nov 2005...
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Blogs, RSS, Blogs, RSS, Semantic Web:Semantic Web:
a Perspectivea Perspective
Blogs, RSS, Blogs, RSS, Semantic Web:Semantic Web:
a Perspectivea Perspective
Marco Brandizi <[email protected]>
gives_presentation
Fermo, 25 Nov 2005
organized_by
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has_name_email
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http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/marbut/isTheSemanticWebHype.pdf
Once Upon, along ago...
The WWW idea
1) GET index.html
2) <html>...</html>
3) GET web_arch.gif
www.somesite.com
3) 0 0 10 23 123 258...
Web browser (client)index.html
web_arch.gif
4)
Web Server
The WWW idea: links
(again, from the Berners-Lee proposal)
The Web evolution: dynamic applications
Storage
(SQL / Relatio
nal DB)
Engine / Web Programming Environment
Web Server
The Web evolution: CMSs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salam_Pax
http://dear_raed.blogspot.com/
The Web evolution:weblogs (or blogs)
The Web evolution:weblogs (or blogs)
http://mabryonline.org/archives/technology/
The Web evolution: Wiki
The Web evolution: Wiki
Social networkingContent is widely shared, people can improve and enrich itWeb contents are related one each other considering how people use themNetworks of people are created by people themselves, with the help of softwarePublish the contents, let the people invent novel creative ways to use them (RSS and Atom)
Social networking: Page Rank
Social networking: Page Rank
Social networking: del.icio.us
The Web evolution/2Reduction of hardware and connectivity costsMultimedia devices, TCP/IP enabled devices
The Web evolution/2: Scripting
<html> <body> <?php $server = $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']; if (strpos($server, 'MSIE') !== false) { echo 'You are using Internet Explorer<br />'; } else { ?> <H2>You're using <?= $server ?> browser and it is not MS IE. Good... ;-)</H2> <? } ?> </body></html>
The Web evolution/2
Ideas and technologies for developers
ScriptingComplex architectures:
Model/View/Controller (MVC), XML (more in in the follows)Persistent objects (EJ2EE)Web services (more in the follows)
Pluggability (ex.: http://www.w3.org/2005/04/swls/BioDash/Demo)
Client side scripting (Javascript)Standardization (DOM)New approaches: AJAX
The Web evolution/2: AJAX
(From http://www.javarss.com/ajax/j2ee-ajax.html)
The Web evolution/2: AJAX
(From http://brandedthoughts.co.uk/images/screenshots/recipe/safari-autocomplete.jpg)
Ok, in MS Access was trivial, but...
The Web evolution/2: AJAX
Limits of hypertext modelHTML is often a mess where data drowns
(From www.biodirectory.it)
Limits of hypertext modelHTML is often a mess where data drowns
Limits of hypertext modelLinks are semantically poor, especially for the machines
What's this link about?The authorAn opposite point of view?A related topic?
Xlink: nice, but not so much...
Search by keywords: Google is simple and great, but...
“cancro”... but NOT “Oroscopo”“European projects guidelines”... actually I was looking for “CORDIS”
Representing contents: XML<Addressbook> <Person sourcedb = "department"> <Name>Marco</Name> <Surname>Brandizi</Surname> <Addresses> <Address order = "1"> <Street>Via Và 182</Street> <City>Fermo</City> <Prov>AP</Prov> <Country>IT</Country> </Address> <Address order = "2"> <Street>Via Vattelappesca 1</Street> <City>Milano</City> <Country>IT</Country> </Address> </Addresses> </Person> <Person> <Name>Andrea</Name> ... </Person></Addressbook>
AddressBook
AddressBook
PersonPerson PersonPerson
AddressAddressAddressAddress
AddressAddress
Brandizi
Marco
Andrea
Via Và
Fermo
Via VattelappescaMilano
Representing contents: XML
From www.notebookproject.org
But it's not enough...XML is not enough flexible and expressive
Representation of meaningSurname and “Family name”
Extending a schemaconnecting information
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
You may handle statements
Subject/Property(or verb)/Object may reference public resources, identified by URIs (like Web pages)
A given resource may flexibly be annotated by many statements
Meaning of statements may be defined by other statements and higher languages (which still are RDF representable)
RDF example
From Computational Biology (Nature Group), Sept 2005,
RDF Example
RDF examples: RSS and Atom
RSSOwl, see also RojoRSSOwl, see also Rojo
News feeders/AggregatorsWhat you can do with a news feeder
Read news from multiple sites, in a single readerGroup items into topics, aggregate itemsRate/tag contents and exploit social networking: Amphetarate, RojoPublish your topics on your BlogRoll, OPML.Write new smart software!
In the future
Publish comments and alikeMaintain your blogSemantic blogging (www.semanticblogging.org)
See also (about RSS/Atom and social implications):
www.benhammersley.com
Examples of RDF: FOAF
Friend of a Friend (FOAF), see also LinkedIn
More than RDF: “Ontologies”
OntologiesExamples of queries with ontologies“nails is-part-of elephant”? yes, because:
“has-legs” and “has-nails” are particular “has-parts” transitive relation“is-part-of” is the inverse of “has-parts”
OntologiesExamples of queries with ontologies“giraffe is-eaten-by lion”? yes, because:
giraffe is-a herbivore > is-a animal
lion is-a carnivore > lion eats animal > lion eats giraffe“is-eaten” is the inverse of “eats”
“Ontologies”Other examples: vocabularies, directories, goods catalogs
WordNetOntolinguaMeSH, Gene OntologySimple Knowledge Organisation System
Simple example: www.governo.it
Ontologies examples
Semantic news: news.com.com
Annotea, Annozilla
Annotea, Annozilla
Annotea and future of Web Annotations
Represent the meaning of annotationsRepresent the meaning of concept annotationsCommon taxonomies and ontologies
http://www.w3.org/2002/Talks/0511-annotea/slide9-0.html
www.semanticblogging.org
Semantic Annotation: SMORE
(http://owl.mindswap.org)
Semantic Web Example: Piggy Bank
Piggy Bank
Piggy Bank
Putting all together:W3C and Semantic Web
Putting all together:W3C and Semantic Web
URI: how to address things on internetUnicode: the “alphabet”RDF-S, OWL: ontologies, define the semantics of thingsSPARQ-L: to make semantic-aware queriesRules, Logic, proof, trust: deductions, logical “reasoning”, inference
It's complex, but it's needed, because we want...
...this!
Services Integration: Web Services
User
Amazon Web site
3rd parties catalogs
PurchaseService
CC service
VISA
Mastercard
...
3
4
5
12,2b
6
7
89
Services IntegrationHow to realize such services integration?
Call remote code (RPC, J2EE)Code mobility (Java Applets, Agents)Exchange messages, use XML => SOAP and Web services
How to discover services?
Handily or RegistersHow to know that a service is about “book purchasing”?
Up to userOntologies!
How to compose services?
Up to userReasoning!
myGrid and Taverna
myGrid and Taverna
WSs and Semantic WebGive me the directions from A to B... do it automatically...
find the best option!
Conclusions (?)What we are learning from...
AJAXMore and more Interactive WebA flexible approach for developers
RDF, RSS, Atom and alike: Publish the contents, let the world find how to use them
Ontologies, Knowledge representation in the Web:
More power to the machines to help the mankind...Yet another AI failure?
Web ServicesThe web as a inter-connection of services, which can creatively composed... hopefully... automatically... hopefully...
Conclusions (?)What we are learning about the future, beyond the technologies...
More horizontal access to informationLess rafts in the ocean, with social networking and alikeMore “Open Culture”
Semantic Web must be open and full of standardsApplications are coming (almost) from grassroots peopleContents are accessed in uncontrollable fashion, usually by massKiller applications are more and more OS independent (good news for Linux, and not only...)
Conclusions (?)But..
Traditional models and powers still are well aliveThere is a country, there in South Europe...Software Patents
Digital divide is a really worrying obstacle, and it's not only about not accessing a computer
Society improvement is not (only) a technology matterWhat is Internet?
Still in many places “wiring” means setup electricity
Conclusions (?)Hopes for the future...
Open Source, Open technologies, Open cultureShare the codeShare the contents, your musics, piece of art, etc.Share the passion for technologies, from social point of view
Have fun! ;-)
Semantic Web around here...
www.dbin.org
Want to know more?
http://trinity.dit.unitn.it/vikef/swap2005/, 14, 15, 16 Dec. 2005See Also http://iswc2005.semanticweb.org/
Thanks!
Find this slides at: http://bioguest.btbs.unimib.it/~brandizi/
sem_web_linux_day_05.sxi