blood and blood spatter - weebly€¦ · composition of blood plasma – the straw-colored liquid...
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Blood
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Use of Blood
Provides class evidence because more than one person has the same blood type
White blood cells contain DNA so it’s possible to determine if blood at a crime scene is from a suspect or a victim
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Composition of Blood
Plasma – the straw-colored liquid portion of the blood
Red Blood Cells – function in carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide
White Blood Cells – function in the immune system; only blood cell to contain DNA
Platelets – function in clotting
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DNA Profiling
DNA evidence has been used by the Innocence Project to help free inmates falsely convicted of crimes
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Blood Typing
Less expensive way to analyze blood evidence than DNA analysis
This is a form of class evidence because
it can only identify a group of individuals Different proteins are present on the
surface of red blood cells and these determine blood type
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Blood Types
Type O – does not have any proteins on the surface of red blood cells (43% of people are Type O)
Type A – has protein A on the surface of red blood cells (42%)
Type B - has protein B on the surface of red blood cells (12%)
Type AB – has both protein A & B on the surface of red blood cells (3%)
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Rh Factor
Another protein on the surface of red blood cells
85% of people have this protein (Rh+)
15% of people do not have this protein (Rh-)
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Blood Typing Tests
There are three items to test for: A protein
B protein
Rh protein
There are many other blood proteins (hundreds) that can further help to identify an individual
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Probability and Blood Types
We can calculate the percentage of the population who has a particular type of blood
Ex: What percentage of people have A+ blood?
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Type A – 42%
Positive – 85%
Convert these to decimals, multiply them, then multiply by 100 to get a percentage
0.42 x 0.85 = 0.357 x 100 = 35.7%
36 out of 100 people should be A+
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Universal Donor – O negative
Can be given to anyone because it doesn’t have any proteins on the surface of it’s red blood cells
Universal Recipient – AB positive
Can get any blood because it has all proteins on the surface of it’s red blood cells