VALUES AND IMPORTANCE OF BLOOD DONATION

By

AJAL.A.J

WHAT IS SO WONDERFUL ABOUT BLOOD?

Blood as a Scarce Resourcein the World

75 million units of blood are donated each year 75 million units of blood are donated each year 500,000 women who die from complication of 500,000 women who die from complication of

pregnancy each year pregnancy each year 150,000 die because of lack of blood. 150,000 die because of lack of blood. 80% of the worldwide population has access to 80% of the worldwide population has access to

only 20% of safe blood. only 20% of safe blood. Only 16% of blood supply is donated by voluntary/ Only 16% of blood supply is donated by voluntary/

non-remunerated blood donors in the world non-remunerated blood donors in the world because of only family/replacement do in most of because of only family/replacement do in most of developing countries.developing countries.

WHO Information Sheets, 2005

What is Blood?

• Specialized cells suspended in plasma• Constantly circulating throughout body• Carries oxygen and nourishment to cells and

removes waste products• Supports body’s immune system and

capacity to heal itself

Components of Blood

• Whole blood contains 4 main elements:• Red blood cells – carry oxygen to tissue• Platelets – used in coagulation (clotting)• Plasma – maintains blood volume and blood

pressure, and prevents excessive bleeding• White blood cells – fight infection

Blood vessel Plasma

RBCWBC Platelets

Blood

Functions of Blood

• RBC Hemoglobin Function: O2 delivery

Given to patients with low Hemoglobin level.

Tissue

BLOOD• Blood flows everywhere through

the human body.• We cannot live without it.• The heart pumps blood to all our

body cells, supplying them with oxygen and food.

• Blood also carries proteins and cell fragments called platelets that let blood clot where there has been an injury.

RED BLOOD CELLS• Red blood cells carry oxygen to body

tissues and remove carbon dioxide.• They are red because they contain a

protein called hemoglobin that is red in color.

• Red blood cells are round and thinner in the middle, like a balloon that is partly filled with water. This lets them squeeze through tiny blood vessels without breaking.

PLATELETS• If a blood vessel is cut, platelets

stick to the edges of the cut and to one another, forming a plug that stops bleeding.

• They then release chemicals that react with fibrinogen and other clotting proteins, leading to the formation of a blood clot.

• The blood vessel can then heal over the cut area.

Functions of Blood

– WBCs -------- defense

– RBCs -------- carry oxygen – Platelets -------- stop bleeding

PLASMA • Plasma is the liquid part of your blood in which red cells and platelets float.

• Plasma is mostly water, but the proteins it contains are necessary for life.

• Some of of these proteins are clotting proteins.

Plasma helps to carry … nutrients

clotting factors

proteins

What is Blood Composed of?

• CELLSRed cellsWhite cellsPlatelets

• FLUIDPlasma

Blood Group Compatibility

Blood group

Determined by the presence

of different proteins on the

red cell membrane.

A antigen- group A

B antigen- group B

A and B antigen- group AB

None – group O

Group A Group B

Group AB Group O

Blood Group

Blood Types

• O- is the universal blood donor• AB is the universal blood recipient• O and A blood groups are always in high

demand but all are needed• There is no ‘best’ blood type

Fact sheet

A person has 5 - 6 litres of blood in their body.

A person can donate blood every 90 days (3 months).

Body recovers the Blood very quickly: Blood plasma volume– within 24 - 48 hours Red Blood Cells – in about 3 weeks Platelets & White Blood Cells – within minutes

BLOOD FACT

• A kidney transplant patient, on average, will need one to two units of red blood cells to get through surgery.

• A heart transplant patient, on average, will need four to six units of

red blood cells.

BLOOD FACT

• A liver transplant patient, on average, will need six to 10 units of red blood cells, 20 units of plasma and 10 units of platelets.

BLOOD FACT• A newborn open-heart surgery, on

average, will need one to four units of red blood cells, one to two units of plasma, and one to four units of

platelets.

What is a blood bank?

National Blood Donor MonthJanuary is National Blood Donor Month and according to the American Red Cross

VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONORS

ALTRUISTIC

4.5 million Indians lives are saved by blood transfusions each year

Blood is always needed for, accident victims cancer patients blood disorder patients surgery patients Pre-mature, pre term babies and many others…….

Indication of blood donationIndication of blood donation

Safety ConcernsSafety Concerns

• Safety of Blood Donor & Blood Recipient (patient) because “Safe Blood” gives life, “Unsafe blood” gives infections

• To ensure “Blood SafetyBlood Safety”,– Strict “Donor ScreeningDonor Screening” at the Camp – “TestingTesting” of collected blood to WHO specified

standards– Strict “cross-matchingcross-matching” of blood samples to ensure

safe transfusion to patient

Procedure for Voluntary Blood Donation Procedure for Voluntary Blood Donation

Pre-Donation:Pre-Donation:1. Donor Screening2. Donor Eligibility criteria 3. Donor Consent Form4. Medical examination Blood Donation:Blood Donation:5. Blood donation procedurePost donationPost donation 6. Rest, advice & refreshment7. Donor Certificate, Donor ID card

Donor Eligibility Criteria

• Who can donate?

• Age: 18 - 60 years

• Weight : > 45 kgs

• Hemoglobin level: >12 gms/dl for men

and 12.5 gms/dl for women

• In good health

Wt > 45 KgWt > 45 Kg

Who CANNOT donate?

Life long 1 year 6 Months х Abnormal bleeding disorder

х Heart, Kidney, Liver Disorder

х Thyroid disorder

х Epilepsy, Mental disorders

х Tuberculosis, Leprosy,

х Asthma

х Cancer

х Insulin dependent diabeticsх Uncontrolled High BP

o Surgery

o Typhoid

o Dog bite

o Unexplained weight loss

o Continuous low grade fever

o Tattooing or body piercing

o Dental extraction

o Root canal treatment

o Malaria

o Vaccination

Female donors cannot donate blood……• During pregnancy• After delivery for one year• When lactating • During menstrual period and for 7 days there

after

Male donors cannot donate blood……• If consumed Alcohol in the previous 24 hours

Blood Donation Procedure Remember!

The Donor Must ….

• have had good rest / sleep

• have had light meal

• be mentally prepared

Post Donation AdvicePost Donation Advice

• Drink lots of fluids for next 24 hours• Avoid smoking for one hour & alcohol till after a meal• Don’t use elevator to go up immediately after donation as it will make

blood rush to your feet & make you dizzy!• Avoid highly strenuous exercises & games for a day• If you feel dizzy, lie down & put your feet up. You will be alright in 10-20

mins.• Remove band-aid after 4 hours. If it bleeds, apply pressure & reapply band-

aid. If bruised and painful, apply cold-pack 4 to 5 times for 5 mins each. The bruise is due to blood seeping into the surrounding tissue. It will take a few days to get reabsorbed.

•

What It Takes To Give III:

• You should be in good health and feel well • You should have had something to eat and

had adequate sleep • You must also meet hemoglobin (iron)

requirements (test done at clinic)• At the time of donation, you will be asked a

number of questions to determine your eligibility

What It Takes To Give IV:

If you have You must wait before donating

Had dental treatment(extractions, fillings, cleaning, restoration)

For cleaning or filling: until the day after treatmentFor extraction, root canal or dental surgery: 72 hours provided there is

full recovery

A cold, flu or sore throat Full recovery

Had ear or body piercingor tattooing

6 months

Uses of Blood• Platelets – cancer patients, hemophiliacs,

etc.• Red cells – anemia patients, cancer

patients, trauma patients etc.• Plasma – serious burns, shock, cancer,

bone marrow therapy, etc.

How Much Blood Is Needed…• Fractured hip/Joint replacement – 2 to 5

units• Auto accident/Gunshot wound – up to 50

units• Cancer treatment – up to 8 units per week• Bleeding ulcer – 3 to 30 units • Brain surgery – 4 to 10 units• Cardiovascular surgery – 2 to 25 units• Liver transplant – up to 100 units

The Donation Process• Photo identification is presented to the

receptionist.• First time donors will be given a “First Time

Donor” sticker to inform nurses to be more attentive.

• Iron levels are checked when there is an available nurse.

• A series of questions are provided on the back of the donor’s information printout to check eligibility.

The Donation Process II• The donor must read the information presented about

testing for diseases, HIV symptoms, etc.• A nurse takes the donor into a private room where more

questions are asked about the donor to further check eligibility.

• Temperature and blood pressure are measured in the room.

• Lastly, a ‘Yes, use my blood,’ or ‘No, don’t use my blood’ sticker is available for donors to put on their information sheet in private, without the nurse present.

What can YOU do?• Make Blood Donation a HABIT• Donate regularly – every 3 months to

commemorate special days like birthdays, anniversaries ….

• Motivate others to donate• Refer your friends and relatives

Today Save a life!

Today Save a life!

Benefits to Donor of blood donation

Health benefits:Regular donation (2-3 times a year….)

– Lowers cholesterol– Lowers lipid levels– Decreases incidence of heart attacks, strokes

Donor is also eligible to receive one FREE unit of blood if needed for – Self– Spouse/ Child/ Parents, and – Even friends

BenefitsHealth + Money

Tests on: hemoglobin level

blood pressure body weight hepatitis B hepatitis C Syphilis HIV/AIDS

Blood Donation Camp-What you should know

Blood Donation Camp-Requirements from your side

• Suitable date, venue and number of donors expected• Well lit, well ventilated, spacious area for registration and

medical check up, bleeding and refreshment• Sufficient cots (or Tables) bleeding tables with chairs to each

bed• Waste boxes under each bed• Tables and chairs for registration, medical check up and extra

chairs for waiting donors• Clean drinking water with disposable cups in camp area and

refreshment are• Volunteers to help with registration and refreshments

References1. American Red Cross http://www.redcrossblood.org/learn-about-blood/blood-facts-and-

statistics2. Chandramita Bora, Advantages of Donating Blood, 10.12.2011,

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-of-donating-blood.html3. Blood types: Distribution stats,interesting facts,2011http://bloodbanker.com/plasma/centers/category/blood-donation-terms/4. A Free Pound of Dunkin Donuts Coffee For a Pint of BloodThursday, January 6, 2011, by Paula Forbes; http://eater.com/tags/blood-donation5. A pint of ice cream for a pint of bloodSunday, July 24, 2011 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYQCAAuCVTo

6 .Lack of blood donations proves costly for N.J. hospitals, January 07, 2009http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2009/01/lack_of_blood_donations_proves.html

Give Blood and Save lives !!