blood & circulation unit 10
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Blood & Circulation Unit 10. Introduction. Blood is the primary transportation fluid of the body. Two of its most important functions are transportation and protection. Blood Composition. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Blood & Circulation
Unit 10
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Introduction
Blood is the primary transportation fluid of the body. Two of its most important functions are transportation and protection.
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Blood Composition
Blood is a fluid tissue that has many chemicals dissolved in it and millions upon millions of cells floating in it.
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Blood Composition
Blood – Mostly made of water. The body’s cells depend on food, oxygen & salt delivered through the circulatory system for survival.
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Blood Composition
Blood – The average adultshas approximately 6 litersof blood in their body.
(7%-9% of total body wt.)
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Blood Composition
Blood is made of two components:1.Plasma – liquid part2.Formed Elements – cells
& cell fragments
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Blood Composition
Plasma - Plasma ProteinsAlbumins – thickens blood
Globulins – protects us from infections
Fibrinogen – needed for blood to clot
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Blood Composition
Plasma - SerumContains antibodies which
can be used to treat patients with specific antigens.
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Blood Composition
Plasma - SerumAntibody – substance that
destroys or deactivates a foreign matter (antigen) that attacks the body
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Blood Composition
Formed Elements – 3 Kinds
Red Blood Cells – RBC(erythrocytes)White Blood Cells – WBC(leukocytes)Platelets - Thrombocytes
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Blood Composition
Formed Elements – Red Blood Cells – RBCFunctions:1.Transports CO2 from cells
to lungs.2.Transports O2 from lungs
to cells.
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Blood Composition
Oxygen – carried in red blood cells as oxyhemoglobin.
Wastes - dissolved in the blood and carried to excretory organs.
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Blood Composition
Every second there are approximately 2 million RBC’s produced by the body.
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How happy are they Jimmy?
Happier than an oxygenated red blood cell!
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Blood Composition
Formed Elements – White Blood Cells – WBCFunction:1.Defend body from
microorganisms that invade tissues or bloodstream
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Blood Composition
Formed Elements – White Blood Cells – WBC2.Phagocytosis – process bywhich phagocytes ingestand digest foreign matterattacking cells/tissues
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Blood Composition
Formed Elements – White Blood Cells – WBC3.Provide immunity fromcertain infections/diseases
(antibodies)
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Blood Composition
Formed Elements – White Blood Cells – WBCTypes:1.Granular – granules in
their cytoplasm2.Nongrannular – no
granules in cytoplasm
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Blood Composition
Formed Elements – Platelets – ThrombocytesFunction:1.Essential for blood
clotting
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Platelet
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Blood Composition
Formed Elements – Platelets – ThrombocytesVitamin K stimulates livercells to produce prothrombin(blood protein) which causesfaster clotting.
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Blood Composition
Formed Elements – Platelets – ThrombocytesVitamin K Food Sources:fruits, vegetables
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Blood Composition
Formed Elements – Platelets – ThrombocytesClot FormationPlatelets turn sticky to startforming clot, fibrinogen (plasmaprotein) is combined withthrombin (protein) forming fibrin
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Blood Composition
Formed Elements – Platelets – ThrombocytesFibrinA fibrous gel made of whatappears to be a tangle of finethreads. RBC’s are in thetangle.
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Fibrin
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Blood Composition
Normal Values (per cubic mm)
RBC’s - 4.2-5.8 Million
WBC’s – 5-9 Thousand
Platelets – 250-400 Thousand
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Blood Types
ABO System Four different blood types:
Type A Type BType ABType O
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Blood Types
ABO System Blood types are determined bythe antigen present in the RBC’sof the person’s blood at birth.The person can only accept blood with compatible antigen.
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Blood Types Blood Type Antigen
Type A “A” Antigen
Type B “B” Antigen
Type AB“A” & “B” Antigens
Type O No Antigens
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Blood Types
ABO System
Type O Universal Donor
Type AB Universal Recipient
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Blood Types
Rh SystemRh Positive – RBC’s containadditional antigen called Rh
(First discovered in Rhesus monkeys)
Rh Negative – Rh Antigen does not exist
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Blood Types Blood Type Antigen
A+“A” Antigen
Rh Antigen
A- “A” Antigen
B+“B” Antigen
Rh Antigen
B- “B” Antigen
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Blood Types Blood Type Antigen
AB+“AB” Antigen
Rh Antigen
AB- “AB” Antigen
O+No Antigens
Rh Antigen
O- No Antigens
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Blood Types
ABO System
Type O- Universal Donor
Type AB+ Universal Recipient
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Blood DisordersErythroblastosis Fetalis
Baby from Rh Positive fatherand Rh Negative mother inherits the Rh Positiveantigen from father. Mother’sbody creates antibodies against baby’s Rh+ blood.
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Blood DisordersErythroblastosis Fetalis
The FIRST baby born is not affected. This condition is adanger to future pregnanciesif the mother is not treated upon delivering the first baby.
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Blood DisordersErythroblastosis Fetalis
Treatment – RhoGam Blood protein given by way of injection to mother upon delivery of first baby.
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Blood DisordersErythroblastosis Fetalis
Treatment – RhoGam Stops the mother’s body fromforming anti-Rh antibodies preventing harm to next Rhpositive baby.
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Blood DisordersAnemia
The inability of blood to carry sufficient oxygen to the body cells due to decreased RBC’s.Causes: Trauma, Ulcers, Radiation, Infection
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Blood DisordersPolycythemia
The thickening of blood caused by an overproduction of RBC’s in bone marrow.Can actually be too thick to flow properly.
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Blood DisordersSickle Cell Anemia
Severe, sometimes fatal hereditary disease. When O2
is low in these patients, crystals form causing RBC’s to become deformed.
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Blood DisordersSickle Cell Anemia
A drug called hydroxyurea has been shown to help reduce symptoms and even prevent sickle cell crisis.
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Blood DisordersLeukopenia
Abnormally low WBC count.(under 5000/cubic mm)
AIDS is one example of a cause of leukopenia
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Blood Composition
Normal Values (per cubic mm)
RBC’s - 4.2-5.8 Million
WBC’s – 5-9 Thousand
Platelets – 250-400 Thousand
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Blood DisordersLeukocytosis
Abnormally high WBC count.(over 10,000/cubic mm)
More common than leukopenia and usually associated with infections.
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Blood DisordersLeukemia
Malignant high WBC count.(can be > 30,000/cubic mm)
“Blood Cancer”The WBC’s do not function properly. Body not able to effectively defend self.
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Blood DisordersThrombus
Stationary blood clot.
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Blood DisordersEmbolus
Clot which moves throughout bloodstream.
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Blood DisordersHemophelia
Inherited disorder. Failure of the body to form clotting
factors VIII, IX or XI
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Blood DisordersHemophelia
Treatment: Extraction of these factors from donated
blood. (purified to decrease chances of transmitting viral diseases – HIV)
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End Of Lecture