blood function
DESCRIPTION
Blood Function. Connective Tissue Transports dissolved gases (O ₂, CO₂) nutrients (glucose, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, hormones, metabolic wastes, fatty acids, glycerol Regulates pH – blood remains in the range of 6.8 – 7.4 Helps stabilize body temperature - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Blood Function• Connective Tissue– Transports dissolved gases (O₂, CO₂)
nutrients (glucose, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, hormones, metabolic wastes, fatty acids, glycerol
• Regulates– pH – blood remains in the range of
6.8 – 7.4– Helps stabilize body temperature
• Maintains fluid volume– Removes excess salt
• Defense against pathogens and toxins
• Blood clotting– Prevent blood loss
RBC’s (Erythrocytes)• Most abundant cell• Biconcave shape• Red blood cells are produced in
bone marrow– Controlled by hormone called
erythropoietin• Have no nucleus• Contain hemoglobin– Transports oxygen and carbon
dioxide• Survive approx 120 days
WBC’s (Leukocytes)• Protect the body from infection• Neutrophil (first responders)– Defend against bacterial or fungal infection– Form pus
• Eosinophil – Defend against parasitic infection
• Basophil– Allergic response– Release histamine
• Lymphotcyte– Specific immune response– Defend against virus, cancer
• Monocyte (Macrophage) – Phagocytosis
Platelets (Thrombocytes)• Small disk shaped clear
cell fragments• Survive 5-9 days • Form blood clots – Fibrinogen –protein that
promotes coagulation of platelets
Blood Cell Formation• RBC’s, WBC’s and platelets are all produced in the
bone marrow• WBC’s are stored in the spleen, thymus, lymph nodes • Platelets are stored in the spleen
Complete Blood Count (CBC)• Blood test done that is part of a routine medical assessment• It can test and monitor different diseases• Hb – hemoglobin • HCT – hematocrit - % of red blood cells in relation to blood
volume • K/uL – thousand per microliter
RBC Disorders• Anemia
– Low number of red blood cells – Symptoms: fatigue, pale skin,
shortness of breath– Treatment: transfusion, marrow
transplant• Iron-deficiency anemia
– Low iron intake– Treatment: iron pills, blood
transfusion • Sickle cell anemia
– Genetic condition, red blood cells change shape block blood flow
– Symptoms: severe pain, organ damage – Treatment: oxygen therapy, antibiotics
WBC Disorders• Leukemia– Cancer of the blood or bone marrow – Signs: Excessive build up of WBC’s,
infection, pneumonia– Symptoms: feeling sick, flu-like – Treatment: pharmaceutical
medication, radiation• Myeloma– Malignant tumor of bone marrow– Symptoms: Bone pain, weakness,
fatigue, weight loss, kidney problems– Treatment: radiation, steroids, stem
cell transplant
Platelet Disorder• Thrombocytopenia– Decrease in platelet count – 50, 000 per microlitre– Symptoms: bruising, nosebleeds, bleeding gums– Treatments: Corticosteroids, lithium carbonate
What Determines Blood Type • Antigen (type A and B)– Protein molecules called
agglutinogens attach to the surface of red blood cells
• ABO Classification System – Presence or absence of antigen – 4 different types of blood
• Rh Protein– Surface protein (ion channel)– Positive or Negative – Ex; A positive (A+)
Blood Type is Genetic • A and B antigen proteins are produced by two
different enzymes that are encoded by two different alleles of the same gene
• O allele codes for protein that is not functional • Possible combinations:
Blood Transfusions • Donor and Recipient blood
types need to match• Surface molecules on
blood need to be the same • Otherwise antibodies will
recognize blood as foreign triggering an immune response
• Result in blood clotting
Donating Blood
• O+ (39% of Canadians share your blood type)– Most common blood type in Canada – Given to all other positive blood types (O+, A+, B+, AB+)
• O- (7% of Canadians share your blood type)– Universal Donor – compatible with all blood types
• A+ (36% of Canadians share your blood type)– Receive blood from (A+, A-, O+, O-)
• A- (6% of Canadians share your blood type)– Receive blood from (A-, O-)
• B+ (7.6% of Canadians share your blood type)– Receive blood from (B+, B-, O+, O-)
• B- (1.4% of Canadians share your blood type)– Receive blood from (B-, O-)
• AB+ (2.5% of Canadians share your blood type)– Universal recipient – receive blood from any type
• AB- (0.5% of Canadians share your blood type)– Universal donor for plasma– AB+, AB- are Universal donors for plasma
Cardiovascular System• Blood vessels– Arteries, veins,
capillaries• Heart– Composed of
cardiac muscle tissue
– Pumps the blood throughout the body
Cardiovascular System • Pulmonary Circuit (lungs)– Moves blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the
heart– Blood moving from the heart to the lungs is de-oxygenated – Blood moving from the lungs to the heart is oxygenated– Carbon dioxide is being delivered, oxygen is being picked up
• Pulmonary arteries/veins carry blood
Cardiovascular System• Systemic Circuit– Movement of blood from
heart to the body and back to the heart
– Blood moving from heart to the body is oxygenated
– Blood moving from the body back to the heart is de-oxygenated
– Oxygen is being delivered, Carbon dioxide is being picked up
Blood Vessels • Arteries– carry blood away from the
heart• Arterioles– Branches out from artery and
leads to capillaries• Capillaries– Smallest blood vessel– capillary bed supplies organ
with blood• Veins – Carry blood to the heart– Contain valves to stop
backflow• Venules– Carry blood from capillary bed
to vein
The Heart • Four chambers– Left/Right Ventricles - pump
blood to the body – Left/Right Atria – receive
blood from the body• Muscle tissue– Septum – separates
oxygenated blood from deoxygenated blood
• Valves– Four valves – keep the blood
flowing in one direction • Nodes– AV/SA nodes - pacemaker
Path of Blood Through the Heart• Draw a flow chart
showing the path of blood through the heart
• Starting point– Body– deoxygenated
blood• End Point– Body – oxygenated blood
Coronary Arteries • Supply blood to the heart• Coronary Artery Disease– Plaque buildup causes
blockage in arteries• Lead to– Heart attack, stroke ischemia
• Causes– Smoking, hypertension, high
cholesterol, diabetes, diet, obesity
• Treatment– Angioplasty procedure– Coronary artery bypass graft
The Cardiac Cycle • All of the events that occur during one heart beat • Systole (lub)– Contraction of heart
• Diastole (dub)– Relaxation of heart
Blood Pressure• Arteries change shape in
response to blood pressure
• Systolic Pressure – Pressure on the walls of
the arteries from ventricular contractions
– Normal is 120• Diastolic Pressure– Pressure on the walls of
the arteries when the heart is at rest
– Normal is 80