blood genetics multiple alleles - more than 2 alleles, but … a bo you will only inherit 2 of the 3...
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Blood Genetics
Multiple Alleles - More than 2 alleles, BUT …
A B O
You will only inherit 2 of the 3 alleles
Co-Dominant
Allele A and Allele B are equally Dominant, Allele O is recessive to both A and B
A B O
Multiple Alleles
Allele A produces Antigen A
Allele B produces Antigen B
Allele O produces NO Antigen
Antigen is a type of protein
A B O
Phenotype(blood type) Possible
genotype(s)Antigen on
RBCAntibody in
PlasmaCan Donate
to Blood Types
A
B
AB
O
AA or AO
BB or BO
Anti-B
Anti-A
Anti-A Anti-B
A and AB
B and AB
AB
OO
None AB
All Blood Types
A
A
A
B
BB
ABABA
B
Vocab
Agglutination
To Clump or to Clot, this is due to the ………
Antibody – Antigen ReactionAntigen A + Antibody A = Agglutination
Antigen B + Antibody A = NO AgglutinationAntigen A + Antibody B = NO Agglutination
Antigen B + Antibody B = Agglutination
Anti-A Anti-B
BloodType AB
BloodType A
BloodType B
BloodType O
Phenotype(blood type) Possible
genotype(s)Antigen on
RBCAntibody in
PlasmaCan Donate
to Blood Types
A
B
AB
O
AA or AO
BB or BO
Anti-B
Anti-A
Anti-A Anti-B
A and AB
B and AB
AB
OO
None AB
All Blood Types
A
A
A
B
BB
ABABA
B
Autologous Transfusion (advantage/disadvantage)
Homologous Transfusion (advantage/disadvantage)
Mom’s Phenotype
Dad’s Phenoty
pe
Mom’s Possible Genotype
Dad’s Possible Genotype
Kids’ Possible Genotypes
Kids’ PossibleBlood Types
Blood Types NOT Possible
for Kids
A A
A B
A AB
A O
B B
B AB
B O
AB AB
AB O
O O
Practice Story Problems
1. What is the chance that a couple with O blood type could have a child with type A blood?
Practice Story Problems
1. What is the chance that a couple with O blood type could have a child with type A blood?
P OO x OO
F1 all are Type O Blood
No Type A Kids
2. Junior has type B blood and his dad has type A blood. What blood types could mom have?
2. Junior has type B blood and his dad has type A blood. What blood types could mom have?
Junior B ?
Dad A ?Mom ? ?Type B
Or
Type AB
3. Could 2 parents that have type AB blood produce a child that has type O blood?
3. Could 2 parents that have type AB blood produce a child that has type O blood?
NO!
AB x AB
4. Mom has type A blood and dad has type B blood. What is the chance that juniorette could have type O blood?
4. Mom has type A blood and dad has type B blood. What is the chance that juniorette could have type O blood?
Mom = AA or AO Dad = BB or BO
If AA x BB = O% chance of O child
If AA x BO = O% chance of O childIf AO x BB = O% chance of O childIf AO x BO = 25% chance of O child
0% to 25% chance of Type O depending on the Genotypes of both the Parents
Rh Factor
Rh is an antigen (protein) found on the RBC
Rh+ = Protein is Present, RR or Rr
Rh- = Protein is absent, rr
Rh Factor follows the Law of Dominance
NOT Co-Dominant
NOT Multiple Alleles
TypeA
Type B
Rh
Agglutination – ‘clumping’ of Antigen Antibody Reaction to determine Bloodtypes
TypeA
Type B
Can Rh + donate blood to Rh- ?Can Rh - donate blood to Rh+ ?
Rh factor refers to a protein found in blood (rhesus protein). The phenotypes are either Rh positive (protein is present in the blood) or Rh negative
1.Mom is B positive and dad is A positive. Junior is O negative.
What are the genotypes of mom, dad and junior?
Rh factor refers to a protein found in blood (rhesus protein). The phenotypes are either Rh positive (protein is present in the blood) or Rh negative
1. Mom is B positive and dad is A positive. Junior is O negative.
What are the genotypes of mom, dad and junior?
Mom B ? R ? Dad A ? R ?
Junior OOrr
Mom is O-
Dad is heterozygous for both type B and the Rh factor
What kind of kids could they have?
Mom OOrr Dad BORr
OrORBrBR
Or BORr BOrr OORr OOrr
“Lost” Babies
Baby Punnett O+
Baby Watson AB+
Baby Crick B+
Baby Gene O-
Worried Parents
Parents #1 B- A-
Parents #2 B+ AB-
Parents #3 AB- O+
Parents #4 A+ A+
“Lost” Babies
Baby Punnett O+
Baby Watson AB+
Baby Crick B+
Baby Gene O-
Worried Parents
Parents #1 B- A-
Parents #2 B+ AB-
Parents #3 AB- O+
Parents #4 A+ A+
“Lost” Babies
Baby Punnett O+
Baby Watson AB+
Baby Crick B+
Baby Gene O-
Worried Parents
Parents #1 B- A-
Parents #2 B+ AB-
Parents #3 AB- O+
Parents #4 A+ A+
“Lost” Babies
Baby Punnett O+
Baby Watson AB+
Baby Crick B+
Baby Gene O-
Worried Parents
Parents #1 B- A-
Parents #2 B+ AB-
Parents #3 AB- O+
Parents #4 A+ A+
