blood. plasma red blood cell white blood cell platelets
TRANSCRIPT
BLOOD
Plasma
Red blood cell
White blood cell
Platelets
Formed Elements
• ____________ = red blood cells (RBCs)
• __________ = white blood cells (WBCs)
• ____________ = cell fragments
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
The main function is to _____________
Anatomy of circulating erythrocytes◦Biconcave disks◦Essentially bags of hemoglobin◦ _______________ (no nucleus)◦Contain very few organelles; lack
mitochondriaOutnumber white blood cells 1000:1
Hemoglobin (Hb)
__________-containing protein
Binds strongly, but reversibly, to ______Each hemoglobin molecule has four
oxygen binding sites
Each erythrocyte has 250 million hemoglobin molecules
When there is a high concentration of oxygen (ex. in the lung) hemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin. When the blood reaches the tissue which have a low concentration of oxygen the hemoglobin dissociates with the oxygen and the oxygen is released into body tissues
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
Crucial in the body’s defense against disease
These are complete cells, with a __________ and ____________
Able to move into and out of blood vessels (_____________)
Can move by ameboid motionCan respond to chemicals
released by damaged tissues – _______________
Leukocyte Levels in the BloodNormal levels are between 4,000 and 11,000 cells per millimeter
Abnormal leukocyte levels◦Leukocytosis
Above 11,000 leukocytes/ml Generally indicates an infection
◦ Leukopenia Abnormally low leukocyte level Commonly caused by certain drugs
Types of LeukocytesGranulocytes
◦Granules in their cytoplasm can be stained
◦ Include:
Types of LeukocytesAgranulocytes
◦ Lack visible cytoplasmic granules◦ Include:
GranulocytesNeutrophils (most common)
◦Multilobed nucleus with fine granules◦Act as _________ at active sites of
infectionEosinophils (not a common WBC)
◦Large brick-red cytoplasmic granules◦Found in response to ____________
and_________________
GranulocytesBasophils (not a common WBC)
◦Have _______________-containing granules
◦Initiate ____________; involved in ________
AgranulocytesLymphocytes (second most
common WBC)◦Two types play an important role in
the_______________ B-cells – produce antibodies T-cells – direct immune response
AgranulocytesMonocytes
◦Largest of the white blood cells◦Function as ________________◦Important in fighting chronic
infection
PlateletsDerived from ruptured
multinucleate cells called __________________
Needed for the clotting processNormal platelet count =
300,000/mm3
Hematopoiesis_______________ formation occurs
in ____________ bone marrowAll blood cells are derived from a
common stem cell - ______________Hemocytoblast differentiation
◦_________ stem cell produces lymphocytes◦_________ stem cell produces other formed elements
Fate of ErythrocytesUnable to divide, grow, or
synthesize proteinsWear out in _____________________When worn out, are eliminated
by____________ in the _______ or _____
Lost cells are replaced by division of hemocytoblasts
Control of Erythrocyte ProductionRate is controlled by a hormone -
___________________________ produce most
erythropoietin as a response to reduced oxygen levels in the blood
Homeostasis is maintained by __________ feedback from blood oxygen levels
Control of Erythrocyte Production
http://people.sinclair.edu/normahollebeke/107/Blood%20Worksheet.pdf