BLOOD, SWEAT & TEARS:

Al Kooper (keyboards, vocals)Steve Katz (guitar, harmonica, vocals)Jim Fielder (bass)Bobby Colomby (drums, vocals)Randy Brecker (trumpet, fluegelhorn)Fred Lipsius (Saxophone, Piano)Dick Halligan (trombone, keyboards, flute, vocals)Jerry Weiss (trumpet, fluegelhorn)

(1967)June Al Kooper (b. February 5, 1944, Brooklyn, New York, US1) leaves New York band The Blues Project a few weeks before their scheduled appearance at the Monterey International Pop Festival citing musical differences. Apparently the band (which incorporates everything from urban blues to jazz and pop) are not prepared to record his material with added horns2. Kooper, who is one of the co-organisers of the festival, is also allocated a solo set (to the dismay of his former band). During his stay in California, he meets recently fired Buffalo Springfield bassist Jim Fielder3 (b. James Thomas Fielder, October 4, 1947, Denton, Texas, US), who is busy helping his old school friend, singer/songwriter Tim Buckley record his second album Goodbye & Hello. The duo strike up a rapport and Kooper invites Fielder to join him in a new group, which he is planning. Within days of the Monterey festival they perform in a trio (with ex-Bob Dylan drummer Sandy Konikoff)4 at the Big Sur Folk Festival, held at the Esalen Institute, near Monterey. The group debuts Kooper’s recent compositions I Can’t Quit Her and My Days Are Numbered5. July While Kooper has been in California, his former cohort in The Blues Project, Steve Katz (b. May 9, 1945, New York, US), has recently heard The Buckinghams’ new album Time And Changes, which features horns arranged by future Chicago producer James Guerico6. Katz and his friend, jazz drummer Bobby Colomby (b. December 20, 1944, New York, US), who has previously spent time backing folk singer Eric Anderson (and is currently performing with Odetta), decide to form a similar group that will incorporate a rhythm section and horns. (The Blues Project is on the verge of collapse and Katz is interested in pursuing new avenues.) Kooper returns to New York and organises a benefit gig for himself at the Café Au Go Go7. (He hopes to use the money generated from the concert to move to England and put his new band together there.) Kooper brings Fielder over from

1 Rees, Dafydd and Crampton, Luke. Guinness Book of Rock Stars, 2 nd Edition. Guinness Publishing Ltd, 1991, page 56. All birth dates are taken from this unless otherwise stated.2 Dellar, Fred. ‘Time Machine’ – Looking Back at November 1967. Mojo Magazine, November 1997, page 35.3 Einarson, John and Furay, Richie. For What It’s Worth – The Story of The Buffalo Springfield. Quarry Music Press, 1997, page 284.4 Frame, Pete. More Rock Family Trees. Omnibus Press, 1998, page 17.5 Kooper, Al. Backstage Passes and Backstabbing Bastards, Billboard Books, 1998, page 97.6 For a comprehensive guide to Blood, Sweat & Tears’ history see Al Quaglieri’s sleeve notes to the compilation album, What Goes Up! – The Best of Blood, Sweat & Tears, Legacy Recordings Ltd, 1995, page 5.7 Kooper, Al, 1998, page 102.

California and recruits Colomby (through Katz) for his backing group. Katz, who comes to the rehearsal to watch the new group, ends up joining the band for the concert8. (27-29) Kooper’s group performs I Love You More Than You’ll Ever Know, My Days Are Numbered and I Can’t Quit Her. (The benefit gig also features contributions from Paul Simon, Eric Anderson and Judy Collins9.) The shows, though not a financial success10, are encouraging. Soon afterwards, Colomby recruits his friend, saxophonist, pianist and music arranger Fred Lipsius (b. November 19, 1943, New York, US), who is quickly put in charge of recruiting a horn section. (Lipsius is a music major who has studied classical music in New York and at Boston’s Berklee School of Music, before joining a Canadian big band.11)September Kooper busily prepares material for the new group abetted by Lipsius as an arranger. Lipsius also begins rehearsals with the newly recruited horn section, comprising the cream12 of the New York jazz scene: Randy Brecker (b. November 27, 1945, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US)13, Jerry Weiss (b. May 1, 1946, New York, US), and Dick Halligan (b. August 29, 1943, Troy, New York, US, and raised in Glens Falls). (Halligan has an MA in music from the Manhattan School of Music14.) Kooper and the rhythm section enter the studio and record I Can’t Quit Her, My Days Are Numbered and the Al Kooper-Tony Powers collaboration I Need To Fly for record companies in order to sell the group15. October After an eventful all night jam session at the Café Au Go Go with Jimi Hendrix and B.B. King, Kooper finds the inspiration for the group’s name, Blood, Sweat & Tears16.November (11) The band (including the horn section) enters Columbia’s studios to record Kooper’s instrumental Refugee From Yuhupitz as part of a six-song audition for that label17. Kooper’s choice of producer is John Simon, who has previously worked with Simon & Garfunkel amongst others. (Simon will take the tapes away for a listen and make suggestions on how to improve the performances18.)(16) The group is officially signed to Columbia Records (the label is particularly interested because of Kooper’s previous work on Bob Dylan’s Highway 61 Revisited and Blonde On Blonde albums)19.

8 Jeremiah Rickert’s interview with Bobby Colomby on April 2nd 1998 is also worth a perusal. It offers an interesting and contrasting recollection of the group’s origins. http://www.rdrop.com/users/rickert/bobby.html 9 Kooper, Al, 1998, page 102.10 According to Pete Frame the club owner pockets most of the money. As a result, Kooper is forced to alter his plans and remains in New York. 11 Wise, Herbert. ‘Blood, Sweat & Tears’ Biographies. Blood, Sweat & Tears Songbook. Amsco Music Publishing Company, 1971. 12 According to Rolling Stone, January 20, 1968, the horn section was recruited from The Maynard Ferguson band, Les Elgart’s band and The Buddy Rich band.13 Village Voice, March 9, 1967, page 20. The Randy Brecker Quartet begins a residency at L’Intrigue, New York on March 9, 1967.14 Wise, Herbert, 1971.15 Kooper, Al, 1998, page 104.16 Kooper, Al, 1998, page 110.17 Irwin, Bob. See the sleeve notes to the collector’s edition of Child Is Father To The Man, which was released by Legacy-Mastersound in 1994 for more information regarding the recording of their debut album.18 Ibid., 199419 Rees, Dafydd and Crampton, Luke, 1991, page 56.

(18) After 6 weeks of rehearsing, the group opens for Moby Grape at the Café Au Go Go 20

and is an immediate success. Blood, Sweat & Tears attract the attention of Columbia Records, who offer them a contract.(19-26) Blood, Sweat & Tears perform at The Scene alongside The Chambers Brothers21. December (11) Work begins on the band's debut album with the recording of Al Kooper’s Overture.(12) The band records Kooper’s I Love You More Than You’ll Ever Know, Harry Nilsson’s Without Her and Tim Buckley’s Morning Glory. (The last track is suggested by Jim Fielder, who played on the original back in June.)(13) Kooper’s My Days Are Numbered is recorded.(15) Covers of Randy Newman’s Just One Smile and Gerry Goffin and Carole King’s So Much In Love are recorded, along with Steve Katz’s Meagan’s Gypsy Eyes.(16) The group records Kooper and Irwin Levine’s I Can’t Quit Her and Kooper’s House In The Country.(20) The final sessions produce Kooper’s Somethin’ Goin’ On and The Modern Adventures Of Plato, Diogenes And Freud22. (29-31) The group performs at The Scene, New York supported by Anglo-Canadian band Influence23.

(1968)February (14-18) The band is supported by H.P. Lovecraft at the Café Au Go Go, New York24.(21) Debut album Child Is Father To The Man is released and is critically acclaimed25. March Debut single, Kooper’s I Love You More Than You’ll Ever Know fails to chart.(3) The group performs at the Grande Ballroom, Detroit26

(7-9) Blood, Sweat & Tears support Cream at the Fillmore Auditorium, San Francisco with The James Cotton Blues Band27.(15-17) The group appears at San Francisco’s Avalon Ballroom, where it is supported by John Handy28. Hampered by internal differences, the band returns to New York soon afterwards29. (26) The group performs at New York’s Electric Circus with Judy Collins, Taj Mahal and Elephant’s Memory.

20 Quaglieri, Al. 1995, page 5.21 Dellar, Fred, page 35.22 Kooper records the latter with a string section instead of the group, much to the band members’ annoyance.23 Village Voice, December 21, 1967, page 45.24 Shaw, Greg, June 1999.25 A review by Jann Wenner in Rolling Stone, April 27, 1968 has an in-depth cover story of the group.26 Billboard, April 6, 1968, page 45.27 Grushkin, Paul D. Art of Rock – Posters from Presley to Punk. Artabras, Cross River Press Ltd, 1987. This book includes a comprehensive guide to concerts at San Francisco’s premier venues: The Fillmore Auditorium, The Avalon Ballroom and The Carousel Ballroom, which later became The Fillmore West as well as major concerts in Detroit and Chicago amongst others. 28 Ibid.,29 Colomby and Katz are eager to replace Kooper with a stronger vocalist and fed up with his dominance in the group.

(28) The band returns to the Electric Circus for a show with The United States of America, Stone Poneys, Jimmy Collier and Rev Kirkpatrick.April Child Is Father To The Man peaks at US # 47. (2-7) The band performs at the Café Au Go Go, New York30. After the show, Kooper holds a meeting backstage and announces that he is leaving31. (11-14) Kooper’s last appearance with the band takes place at the Garrick Theatre32, New York33. (30) After co-arranging future tracks, You’ve Made Me So Very Happy and More And More amongst others, Kooper leaves to begin work on his Super Session album, featuring Mike Bloomfield and Steve Stills. (Fred Lipsuis follows him but has second thoughts and returns shortly afterwards.)May Brecker leaves the troubled group to join Horace Silver, before forming Dreams the following year34. (He will soon become one of the top session players of the ‘70s and also forms a successful partnership with his brother Michael Brecker.) June Kooper’s I Can’t Quit Her fails to chart35 as Weiss also decides to leave. (Weiss later moves onto bass guitar and records an album in 1970 with his new outfit, Ambergris) Katz and Colomby are forced to recruit new horn players: Chuck Winfield (b. February 5, 1943, Monessen, Pennsylvania, US), Lew Soloff (b. February 22, 1944, Brooklyn, New York, US) and Jerry Hyman (b. May 19, 1947, New York, US). (Both Winfield and Soloff have studied at New York’s renowned Julliard School of Music36.) After Laura Nyro, Stevie Wonder and ex- Buffalo Springfield guitarist/vocalist Steve Stills37 decline the offer to replace Kooper as lead singer, the band recruits Canadian vocalist David Clayton-Thomas (b. David Thomsett, September 13, 1941, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, England38), who has previously fronted The Shays, The Rogues and The Bossmen39. (Katz remembers Clayton-Thomas, whom he saw playing at Steve Paul’s Scene back in October 1967.)(26) The new line-up debuts at the Café-Au-Go-Go, New York with The James Cotton Blues Band40.July (13) Debut album Child Is Father To The Man reaches UK #4041.

30 Village Voice, March 28, 1968, page 52.31 According to the Bobby Colomby interview with Jeremiah Rickert, Kooper said: “All those that want to walk with me, can walk”. Only Fred Lipsius followed, however.32 Village Voice, April 11, 1968, page 36.33 Rolling Stone, May 25, 1968.34 Quaglieri, Al. 1995, page 6.35 Doggett, Peter and Reed, John. ‘Looking back at June 1968’. Record Collector, June 1993, page 240.36 Wise, Herbert, 1971.37 Quaglieri, Al. 1995, page 6. Also Zimmer, David. Crosby, Stills & Nash. Omnibus Press, 1984, page 63.38 Kallman, Helmut, Potrin, Gilles and Winters, Kenneth. Encyclopedia of Music in Canada 2 nd Edition . University of Toronto Press, 1992. Thomas’ British-Canadian parents moved to Toronto when he was 6.39 Melhuish, Martin, 1983, pages 93-95 and Jackson, Rick. Encyclopedia of Canadian Rock, Pop & Folk Music. Quarry Press Inc, 1994, pages 69-70. For more information on David Clayton-Thomas’ solo career, check out http://www.tasteofiowa.org/to_do/music/bst.html.40 Billboard, July 6, 1968, page 12.41 For all UK and US single and album chart positions see Rees, Dafydd and Crampton, Luke, 1991, page 56.

August (6-11) Blood, Sweat & Tears support Eric Burdon and The Animals and The Chambers Brothers at the Fillmore West, San Francisco42.(23-25) The group plays at the Café-Au-Go-Go in New York43.(26-29) The band appears at The Scene, New York alongside Jimi Hendrix, The McCoys, The Chamber Brothers and many more44.September (6-7) Blood, Sweat & Tears perform at New York’s Café-Au-Go-Go45.(12) The group plays at The Scene, New York as part of the Biafra Benefits46.(13-14) The group appears at New York’s Fillmore East with The Chambers Brothers and The Amboy Dukes47.(20-21) The band plays at the Rock Pile, Toronto for 2 nights48.(27-29) Blood, Sweat & Tears appear at the Renaissance club, Camden, New Jersey.October Brecker, Halligan, Lipsius and Weiss guest on The McCoys’ album Infinite McCoys49.(4) Blood, Sweat & Tears play at the Cleveland Auditorium, Cleveland, Ohio.(5) The band performs at the Glen Park Casino, Buffalo.(7) The group begins work on its second album50 by recording a cover of Billie Holiday’s God Bless The Child.(8) Steve Katz’s Sometimes In Winter is recorded. On the same day the group joins Joni Mitchell for a show at Hunter’s College Auditorium, New York51.(9) The band records Clayton-Thomas’ Spinning Wheel.(11-12) Blood, Sweat & Tears take time off recording to appear at the Psychedelic Supermarket, Boston, Massachusetts.(15) Covers of More And More and Traffic’s Smiling Phases are recorded.(16) The band records Motown track You’ve Made Me So Very Happy.(22) The group records Laura Nyro’s And When I Die.(24) David Clayton-Thomas’ Child Of The Wind is recorded but is subsequently shelved.(25) Blood, Sweat & Tears appear at the Fordham University Gym, New York with The Chambers Brothers52. November (9) Blood, Sweat & Tears appear at Kenton College of Gambier, Ohio.(14) The group makes an appearance at Yale University.(16) The band plays at the Ryder College, Trenton, New Jersey53.(26-30) The group performs at the Laurel Theatre, Chicago.(29) Blood, Sweat & Tears appear at the Grande Ballroom, Detroit54.December (8) The band plays at the Tyrone Guthrie Theatre, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

42 Grushkin, Paul D, 1987.43 Village Voice, August 22, 1968, page 25.44 Billboard, September 7, 1968, page 3.45 Village Voice, August 29, 1968, page 39.46 Village Voice, September 12, 1968, page 47.47 Housden, David Peter. The Castle – Love #2, July 1993, page 36. This page contains a comprehensive guide to concerts at The Fillmore East during the late ‘60s and early ‘70s.48 Billboard, September 28, 1968, page 12, lists some of the group’s tour dates in the latter half of 1968.49 Rees, Dafydd and Crampton, Luke, 1991, page 334.50 Quaglieri, Al. 1995, page 6.51 Village Voice, October 24, 1968, page 40.52 Village Voice, October 10, 1968, page 40.53 Billboard, September 28, 1968, page 12.54 Grushkin, Paul D, 1987.

(20) Blood, Sweat & Tears appears at Hunter’s College Auditorium, New York.(27) The group appears at the Westchester County Center, White Plains, New York with Earth Opera and Brooklyn Bridge55.

(1969)January (2-4) The group returns to the Fillmore West for a series of shows with The Grateful Dead56.(7) Blood, Sweat & Tears appear at the Troubadour, Los Angeles57.(24-25) Blood, Sweat & Tears join Jethro Tull at New York’s Fillmore East58.February (22) The band is supported by Savoy Brown and Aorta at Chicago’s Kinetic Playground59.March (1) Blood, Sweat & Tears appear at the Island Garden, Hempstead Turnpike, West Hempstead, New York with Procol Harum60.(8) The group is supported by Mountain at Stonybrook University61.(11-12) The group plays at the Fillmore East, New York City with Jethro Tull, Albert King and (on the final night) Savoy Brown62. (29) Second album, Blood, Sweat & Tears, is released and tops the US chart, where it will stay for 7 weeks, selling over 2 million copies by the end of the year63. April (3) Blood, Sweat & Tears join Rhinoceros and Ten Years After for an Easter show at Westchester County Center, White Plains, New York64.(12) Co-arranged by Al Kooper, a revival of the old Motown ballad You’ve Made Me So Very Happy reaches US #2, the first of 3 million-sellers from the recent album65.(13) The band performs at the Westbury Music Fair, New York66.(26-28) The group plays at the Fillmore East, New York City with Appaloosa and The Allman Brothers67.(30) You’ve Made Me So Very Happy is the band’s only UK entry making #35, as its parent album Blood, Sweat & Tears reaches UK #15.June (22) The band appears at the Toronto Pop Festival with The Band, Chuck Berry, Steppenwolf and others68.(28) The group plays at the Memorial Stadium, Mount Vernon, New York with The Brooklyn Bridge69.July (4) Blood, Sweat & Tears perform at the Newport Jazz Festival, Rhode Island, New York, alongside Jethro Tull, Jeff Beck and others70.

55 Village Voice, December 12, 1968, page 42.56 Grushkin, Paul D, 1987.57 Billboard, January 18, 1969, page 16.58 Housden, David Peter, July 1993, page 3659 Grushkin, Paul D, 1987.60 Village Voice, February 13, 1969, page 36.61 Village Voice, March 6, 1969, page 33.62 Housden, David Peter, July 1993, page 36.63 Rees, Dafydd and Crampton, Luke, 1991, page 56.64 Village Voice, March 6, 1969, page 34.65 Rees, Dafydd and Crampton, Luke, 1991, page 56.66 Village Voice, April 10, 1969, page 34.67 Housden, David Peter, July 1993, page 36.68 Helm, Levon and Davis, Stephen. This Wheel’s On Fire – Levon Helm And The Story of The Band. Plexus, London,1994, page 198.69 Village Voice, June 19, 1969, page 32.70 http://alvinlee.com/live67-69.html.

(5) The group takes part in the First Atlanta International Pop Festival, with Led Zeppelin, Janis Joplin, Spirit and others. David Clayton-Thomas’ Spinning Wheel is the band’s second million-seller, hitting US #271.August (2) Blood, Sweat & Tears appear at the Oakland Colieseum, California72.(18) The band appears at the Woodstock Festival after Crosby, Stills & Nash73.September (16) Most of the band’s third album is recorded on one day. Songs include the band’s interpretations of The Rolling Stones’ Sympathy For The Devil and Traffic’s 40,000 Headmen. (The group originally planned to record Bob Dylan’s All Along The Watchtower, The Beatles’ Martha My Dear, Moby Grape’s Can’t Be So Bad and Randy Newman’s I’ll Be Home but they are dropped at the last minute74.)October (26) Blood, Sweat & Tears appear at the Chicago Auditorium Theatre75.November A cover of Laura Nyro’s And When I Die also climbs to US #2, becoming the third million-seller from Blood, Sweat & Tears. It is the first time in RIAA history that 3 singles from one album have all gone gold76.December The band performs for 3 nights at Caesar’s Palace in Las Vegas (one of the first rock groups to play there). A few weeks later, the group appears at New York’s Fillmore East, where it is derided for its Vegas appearance77.

(1970)January (28) Blood, Sweat & Tears perform at the Winter Festival for Peace at Madison Square Gardens, with Jimi Hendrix, The Rascals and others78.March (11) Their second album, Blood, Sweat & Tears, wins Best Album, Best Arrangements Accompanying A Vocalist (Lipsius for Spinning Wheel) and Best Contemporary Instrumental Performance (Trois Gymnopedies On A Theme By Eric Satie) at the 12th annual Grammy awards79.June Blood, Sweat & Tears embark on a US State Department-sponsored cultural tour of Eastern Europe, visiting Romania, Poland and Yugoslavia. The trip is a favour for the US government, which issues Thomas a green card in return80.July (23) The band performs in Warsaw, Poland81.August (8) Blood, Sweat & Tears 3 tops the US chart for 2 weeks and reaches UK #14. (29) A cover of Carole King and Gerry Goffin’s Hi-De-Ho, is released as a single and makes US #14.September (24-25) The group makes its UK debut at the Royal Albert Hall, London82.

71 Rees, Dafydd and Crampton, Luke, 1991, page 56.72 Billboard, June 21, 1969, page 82.73 Rogan, Johnny. Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young – The Visual Documentary. Omnibus Press, 1996, page 34. According to Bobby Colomby, the band was filmed performing ‘More & More’, after which the camera crews were asked to leave the stage.74 Quaglieri, Al, 1995, page 7.75 Rolling Stone, November 15, 1969.76 Rees, Dafydd and Crampton, Luke, 1991, page 56.77 Alterman, Lorraine. Blood, Sweat & Tears Songbook. Amsco Music Publishing Company, 1971.78 Cook, Bruce. ‘Nine Great Musicians Make Everybody Happy’. The National Observer, February 16, 1970 and Shapiro, Harry and Glebbeek, Caesar. Electric Gypsy, Mandarin, 1995, page 738.79 Rees, Dafydd and Crampton, Luke, 1991, page 56.80 Quaglieri, Al, 1995, page 8.81 Variety, August 12, 1970, page 39.82 Melody Maker, August 22, 1970, page 35.

November (7) Clayton-Thomas’ Lucretia MacEvil hits US #29.(1971)

February The band provides the music for the film The Owl And The Pussycat. The soundtrack to the film later reaches US #186. Shortly afterwards, Hyman leaves and is replaced by Dave Bargeron (b. September 6, 1942, Massachusetts, US). August The group’s fourth album B, S & T 4, which has been recorded in San Francisco, reaches US #10. It is the first Blood, Sweat & Tears album to feature largely original material since the group’s debut set and features a reunion with Al Kooper.(28) Go Down Gamblin’, composed by Clayton-Thomas, climbs to US #32.November (27) The band performs its first concert with a full Symphony Orchestra in New Orleans, Louisiana83 as Clayton-Thomas and Halligan’s Lisa, Listen To Me hits US #73.December (31) Clayton-Thomas and Lipsius make their final appearance with the band at the Anaheim Convention Centre, Anaheim, California84. Lipsius later surfaces on Paul Simon’s debut album (and records a couple of solo albums during the ‘80s85), while Clayton-Thomas embarks on a moderately successful solo career.

(1972)January The group recruits new vocalist, blind singer/pianist Bobby Doyle (b. Houston, Texas, US), who has done sessions for Poco; Swedish guitarist/vocalist George Wadenius from Scandinavian band Made In Sweden and sax player Joe Henderson. The new line-up doesn't gel86 and Doyle and Henderson are replaced by singer Jerry Fisher (b. 1943, DeKalb, Texas) and horn player Lou Marini Jr. (b. Charleston, North Carolina, US), while original member Halligan also leaves to make way for Larry Willis (b. New York, US). Halligan subsequently moves to L.A. where he writes and arranges music for films and commercials87.April Compilation album Greatest Hits makes US #19.November (25) So Long Dixie reaches US #44 as album New Blood, featuring the new line-up and produced by Colomby, hits US #32. (Tom Malone is added on horns.)

(1973)June (24) Katz rejoins The Blues Project for a live reunion in New York’s Central Park88. Shortly afterwards, he leaves Blood, Sweat & Tears and (later) forms West Coast band American Flyer. Katz then takes up an A&R post at Mercury Records, before working with the Horslips89.August (25) The band’s new album No Sweat (featuring Katz), only reaches US #72 and further personnel changes ensue: Fisher is replaced by vocalist/harp player Jerry LaCroix, while Winfield and Marini Jr also leave to make way for Tony Klatka and Bill Tillman. Fielder, meanwhile, quits to rejoin Tim Buckley, leaving Colomby as the sole original member and is replaced by Ron McClure. (Fielder appears with Buckley at Knebworth on July 24th 1974 and then becomes an in-demand session player.) Blood, Sweat & Tears continue to perform over the next twenty five years with various line-ups.

(1993)

83 Rees, Dafydd and Crampton, Luke, 1991, page 56.84 Ibid., page 56.85 http://www.torget.se/users/j/jorge/bst.html, page 5. 86 Quaglieri, Al, 1995, page 12. A rare picture of the Bobby Doyle line-up from May 1972 can be found on the web site: http://www.rdrop.com/users/rickert/bst-pg.htm87 http://www.torget.se/users/j/jorge/bst.html, page 4.88 Rees, Dafydd, Crampton, Luke and Lazell, Barry. Guinness Book of Rock Stars, 1 st

Edition. Guinness Publishing Ltd, 1989, page 50.89 http://www.torget.se/users/j/jorge/bst.html, page 4.

March Kooper plays 2 nights at the Bottom Line in New York with former Blood, Sweat & Tears members, Jim Fielder, Steve Katz, Fred Lipsius, Randy Brecker, Lew Soloff and Tom Malone as well as John Simon. Since Colomby and Thomas own the rights to Blood, Sweat & Tears’ name, Kooper dubs them ‘Child is Father To The Man Band’90.

(1995)February (5) Kooper’s band celebrates his 50th birthday at the Bottom Line. Kooper and Lipsius will subsequently take up teaching posts at Boston’s Berklee School of Music91.

I have tried to ensure that this article is as accurate as possible, but some of the data it contains is difficult to verify, and no doubt there are omissions and errors. If anyone can add any further information or correct any errors, I would be grateful to hear from you. Please contact me at Warchive@aol.com

Copyright © Nicholas Warburton, 1998. No part of this article may be reproduced or transmitted in any from or by any means, without prior permission from the author

90 Ibid., page 4.91 Ibid., page 5.