blood typing. blood type is based on the presence or absence of 2 kinds of antigens on the surface...
TRANSCRIPT
Blood Typing
Blood type is based on the presence or absence of 2 kinds of antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
In our plasma, there can be antibodies against these antigens.
Type A Blood
Type A Antigen Anti-B Antibodies
Red Cells Plasma
Type B Blood
Type B Antigen Anti-A Antibodies
Red Cells Plasma
Type AB Blood
Type B Antigen
Neither Anti-A or Anti-B Antibodies
Red Cells Plasma
Type A Antigen
Type O Blood
Anti-A and Anti-B Antibodies
Red Cells Plasma
Neither A nor B Antigens
The Rh factor is caused by a different antigen than the A and B ones.
Red Cells
Red Cells with Rh antigens
Rh positive (+)
No Rh antibodies in plasms
The Rh factor is caused by a different antigen than the A and B ones.
Red Cells
Red Cells without Rh antigens
Rh negative (-)
Rh antibodies in plasma
Blood Typing works by taking the antibodies for each blood type and mixing them with a drop of blood. Each drop of blood would be mixed with a different anti-serum (anti-A, anti-B and anti-Rh.
Blood Typing If we mix Anti- A serum with type A blood there will be clumping of RBC’s as the antibodies latch on the the antigens.
Type A Cells
Anti-A serum antibody
No clumping with Anti-B Antiserum
Type A Red Cell
Anti-B serum antibody
Type A blood in Anti-A antiserum.
Type B blood in Anti-A antiserum
Clumping
The clumping can be easily
seen on a slide.
Now watch what happens as each blood type is typed with an anti-serum.
Blood Typing
2. Mix a drop of blood with each.
1. Add a drop of Anti-A serum to one end and a drop of anti-B serum to the other end of a microscope slide.
Anti-A Anti-B
Clumping
Type A Blood
Blood Typing
Anti-A Anti-B
Clumping
Type B Blood
Blood Typing
Anti-A Anti-B
Clumping
Type AB Blood
Blood Typing
Anti-A Anti-B
No Clumping
Type O Blood
Blood Typing
Anti-R Anti-Rh
ClumpingRh negative Blood
Rh positive Blood
Pictures of what actual slides would
look like after addition of
the anti-serums
Transfusion Reactions• Donor cell agglutination [Anti-A antibodies in
plasma of recipient cause agglutinatioin of donor (type A) red cells.]
• Hemolysis (Antigen-antibody reactions activate complement which lyses donor red cells. Clumped cells are phagocytized.)
• Hb released from lysed red cells precipitates in kidney tubules - causes kidney shutdown.