Bloom’s and Technology Integration:Bloom’s and Technology Integration:Taking It to the 21Taking It to the 21stst Century Century

By Annette WilliamsBy Annette Williams

IntroductionIntroduction

In 1956, a committee of In 1956, a committee of educational psychologists, led by educational psychologists, led by Benjamin Bloom, developed a , developed a classification of intellectual classification of intellectual objectives and skills essential to objectives and skills essential to learning.learning.

These learning objectives, known These learning objectives, known as as Bloom's Taxonomy

IntroductionIntroduction

For over 50 years, these objectives For over 50 years, these objectives have been used to structure lessons, have been used to structure lessons, guide learning, and assess students' guide learning, and assess students' performance. performance.

However, current educational However, current educational initiatives have prompted the initiatives have prompted the revision of these objectives to revision of these objectives to include the use of technology for include the use of technology for instruction. instruction.

Lorin Anderson (a former student of Bloom), revised Bloom's original Lorin Anderson (a former student of Bloom), revised Bloom's original objectives. objectives. The following diagrams compare Bloom's original taxonomy to The following diagrams compare Bloom's original taxonomy to Anderson's revised taxonomy. Anderson's revised taxonomy.

Bloom’s Digital TaxonomyBloom’s Digital Taxonomy The revised taxonomy has been recently updated The revised taxonomy has been recently updated

to reflect the current educational and training to reflect the current educational and training practices that include the integration of practices that include the integration of technology. technology.

Andrew Church's Andrew Church's Bloom's Digital Taxonomy addresses the struggles teachers face when addresses the struggles teachers face when attempting to integrate new technology into attempting to integrate new technology into classroom lessons. classroom lessons.

Church (2008) suggested Bloom's revised Church (2008) suggested Bloom's revised taxonomy accounts for many of the traditional taxonomy accounts for many of the traditional classroom practices, behaviors, and actions.classroom practices, behaviors, and actions.

Bloom’s Digital TaxonomyBloom’s Digital Taxonomy

Church's updates focus on the Church's updates focus on the development of lessons that facilitate development of lessons that facilitate collaborative learning via digital collaborative learning via digital technology. technology.

The updates to the revised taxonomy The updates to the revised taxonomy are more closely aligned to the are more closely aligned to the standards outlined under the standards outlined under the 21st Century Learning framework. framework.

The HOTS and LOTSThe HOTS and LOTS

21st Century Learning

Take a tour of Take a tour of Bloom's Taxonomy - An Overview

21st Century Learning

Take a Tour Take a Tour Integrating Integrating Technology into Technology into Bloom's Taxonomy - Designing Activities

21st Century Learning The elements described in The elements described in

this section as “this section as “21st century 21st century student outcomes”student outcomes” are the are the skills, knowledge and skills, knowledge and expertise students should expertise students should master to succeed in work master to succeed in work and life in the 21st centuryand life in the 21st century

This presents a view of 21st This presents a view of 21st century teaching and learning century teaching and learning that combines a discrete that combines a discrete focus on focus on 21st century student 21st century student outcomesoutcomes

A blending of specific skills, A blending of specific skills, content knowledge, expertise content knowledge, expertise and literacy's with innovative and literacy's with innovative support systems support systems (Technology)(Technology) to help to help students master the multi-students master the multi-dimensional abilities required dimensional abilities required of them in the 21st century. of them in the 21st century.

1. 1. Core Subjects and 21st Century Themes

2. 2. Learning and Innovation Skills    • Creativity and Innovation • Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

Communication and Collaboration

3. 3. Information, Media and Technology Skills

• Information Literacy • Media Literacy • ICT Literacy

4. 4. Life and Career Skills  

21st Century Learning Integrating Technology into the classroom will help the Integrating Technology into the classroom will help the

students to build those 21st century skills that they need to students to build those 21st century skills that they need to possess such as:possess such as:

•critical thinking critical thinking •problem solving problem solving •communication skills communication skills •creativitycreativity•innovative thinking innovative thinking •information technologyinformation technology

21st CenturyThe specific The specific NCLB goals for the Title II, Part D – goals for the Title II, Part D –

Enhancing Education through Technology Enhancing Education through Technology

• To improve student academic achievement through the use of To improve student academic achievement through the use of technology in elementary schools and secondary schools. Create. technology in elementary schools and secondary schools. Create.

• To assist every student in crossing the digital divide by ensuring To assist every student in crossing the digital divide by ensuring that every student is technologically literate by the time the that every student is technologically literate by the time the student finishes eighth grade, regardless of the student’s race, student finishes eighth grade, regardless of the student’s race, ethnicity, gender, family income, geographic location, or ethnicity, gender, family income, geographic location, or disability. Connect.disability. Connect.

• To encourage the effective integration of technology resources To encourage the effective integration of technology resources and systems with teacher training and curriculum development to and systems with teacher training and curriculum development to establish research-based instructional methods that can be widely establish research-based instructional methods that can be widely implemented as best practices by state education agencies and implemented as best practices by state education agencies and local education agencies. Communicate. local education agencies. Communicate.

ReferencesReferences http://clifmims.wetpaint.com/page/Blooms+Revisedhttp://clifmims.wetpaint.com/page/Blooms+Revised Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. (Eds.) (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching and assessing: A Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. (Eds.) (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching and assessing: A

revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. New York: Longman. revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. New York: Longman. Bloom, B. S. (Ed.) (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals: Bloom, B. S. (Ed.) (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals:

Handbook I, cognitive domain. New York: Longman. Handbook I, cognitive domain. New York: Longman. Churches, A. (2008). Churches, A. (2008). Bloom's digital taxonomy.Bloom's digital taxonomy. Available from Available from

http://media.ccconline.cccs.edu/ccco/FacWiki/Blooms_Taxonomy_Tutorials/Churches_2008_DigitalBloomsTaxonomyGuide.pdf

Also available in alternative format from, Edorigami (2008, March 18). Bloom’s and ICT tools. Also available in alternative format from, Edorigami (2008, March 18). Bloom’s and ICT tools. http://edorigami.wikispaces.com/Bloom's+and+ICT+tools

Clark, D. (2007, May 6). Clark, D. (2007, May 6). Learning domains or Bloom’s taxonomyLearning domains or Bloom’s taxonomy. Available October 2008, from . Available October 2008, from http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/bloom.html

Laureate Education, Inc. (Producer). 2008. [Motion Laureate Education, Inc. (Producer). 2008. [Motion picture]. Understanding the Impact of Technology on Education, Work, and picture]. Understanding the Impact of Technology on Education, Work, and Society. Baltimore: Author.Society. Baltimore: Author.

Educational Origami Educational Origami http://edorigami.wikispaces.com/Bloom's+Digital+Taxonomy

Forehand, M. (2005). Bloom's taxonomy. Emerging Perspectives on Learning, Teaching, and Technology. Forehand, M. (2005). Bloom's taxonomy. Emerging Perspectives on Learning, Teaching, and Technology. Retrieved July 21, 2008 from Retrieved July 21, 2008 from http://projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/index.php?title=Bloom%27s_Taxonomy

Open Education Open Education http://www.openeducation.net/2008/04/11/blooms-taxonomy-and-the-digital-world/

Performance, Learning, Leadership, & Knowledge Site Performance, Learning, Leadership, & Knowledge Site http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/bloom.html Pohl, M. (2000) Blooms taxonomy. Retrieved July 21, 2008 from Pohl, M. (2000) Blooms taxonomy. Retrieved July 21, 2008 from

http://www.odu.edu/educ/roverbau/bloom/blooms_taxonomy.htm Wikipedia Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy_of_Educational_Objectives Additional ResourcesAdditional Resources

• Blooms Digital Taxonomy RubricsBlooms Digital Taxonomy Rubrics

Teaching Strategies for the Everyday TeacherTeaching Strategies for the Everyday Teacher

Blooms Taxonomy in the Classroom (link to podcast)Blooms Taxonomy in the Classroom (link to podcast)

Blooms Revised Taxonomy (PowerPoint, Posters, Lesson Plans)Blooms Revised Taxonomy (PowerPoint, Posters, Lesson Plans)

Extended LearningExtended Learning• Applying Blooms TaxonomyApplying Blooms Taxonomy

Read the complete Article by Andrew Church Bloom's Digital Taxonomy (pdf format)Read the complete Article by Andrew Church Bloom's Digital Taxonomy (pdf format)